Larynx, Laryngopharynx, and Speech Flashcards
What are the three parts of the pharynx
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx
Where is the nasopharynx?
Above the soft palate posterior to the nasal cavities
Where is the oropharynx?
from the soft palate to the upper border of the epiglottis. Also it is behind the oral cavity and dorsum of tongue
Where is the laryngopharynx?
From the upper border of the epiglottis to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage.
What is the piriform recesses?
Depressions within the laryngopharynx
What is the role of the internal laryngeal nerve?
It is the nerve that can be anesthetized during endotracheal intubation. It can also be damaged during removal of foreign body.
Where is the larynx found?
Between the pharynx and the trachea at level C3-C6 in the anterior part of the neck.
What is the function of the larynx?
Used for the passage of air and to prevent foreign objects from entering the lower respiratory tract.
What are the three paired cartilages of the larynx?
Cuneiform, corniculate, and arythenoid
What are the three unpaired cartilages of the larynx?
Epiglottis, Thyroid, Cricoid
What is the role of the thyroid cartilage?
It forms the laryngeal prominence known as the adam’s apple, it has 2 laminae fused in midline and forms bilateral cricothyroid joints.
What is the shape of the cricoid cartilage?
Signet ring shaped with broad lamina on the posterior side and a thin arch in the front
What is a cricothyrotomy?
When the cricothryoid joint is cut to allow for an emergency airway.
If you need to compress the site of bleeding carotid artery what can be used as a landmark?
The cricoid cartilage is useful for locating Cv6
Where does the epiglottic cartilage attatch?
To the hyoid and thyroid cartilage by ligaments.
What is the function of the epiglottis?
To push down over the laryngeal inlet to prevent foreign objects from entering the respiratory tract during swallowing.
What is the role of the arythenoid cartilage?
Is responsible for the vocal ligaments and vocal process.
What are the three parts of the arythenoid cartilage?
Vocal process, Apex, Muscular process.
What are the three movements the arythenoid cartilage can make?
Sliding toward and away from each other.
Tilting anteriorly or posteriorly around a horizontal axis
Rotating around a vertical axis
What is the role of the corniculate and cuneiform cartilages?
They dont have any real function but is used as a landmark during laryngoscopy
What are the extrinsic ligaments of the larynx?
Thyrohyoid membrane which consists of the lateral and medial thyrohyoid ligaments, hyo-epiglottic ligament, and the cricotracheal ligament.
What are the intrinsic ligaments of the larynx?
cricothyroid ligament which sits below the true vocal cords and can be perforated if airway is blocked.
Quadrangular membrane which runs between the lateral margin of the epiglottis and the arytenoid cartilage.
What are the two joints that make up the laryngeal joint?
cricothyroid and cricoarytenoid joints
What are the three regions of the laryngeal cavity?
Vestibule (Upper region), Ventricle (Thin middle part), and infraglottic (between vocal cords and inferior opening of larynx)
What gap is the rima vestibuli measuring?
The gap between the adjacent vestibular folds.
What gap is the rime glottis measuring?
The gap between adjacent vocal folds.
What is the glottis?
The vocal apparatus of larynx.
What are the four main functions of the larynx?
Respiration, Phonation, Effort Closure, and Swallowing
What makes the difference in quiet respiration and forced respiration?
In forced the arytenoid cartilage rotates laterally and the rima glottis widens to open the diameter.
What is the role of phonation?
Vocal cords are adducted, air is forced through the closed rima glottidis which causes the vocal cords to vibrate.
What happens during effort closure?
Where air is retained due to heavy lifting the lower parts of the vestibule are completely closed
What is the role of the extrinsic muscles of the larynx?
To move the larynx as a whole, depress/elevate the hyoid and larynx
What is the role of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?
Move laryngeal parts, lengthen and tense the vocal cords, and abduct the vocal cords
What nerve innervates the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?
CN X the vagus nerve
How long do you have to remove the object before asphyxiation?
5 minutes because it causes the laryngeal muscles to spasm.
