Larynx Flashcards
Where does the trachea begin?
Lower border of cricoid cartilage.
What may you do if a patient can not be incubated due to swelling of vocal cords?
Cricothyroidotomy
What do the superior and inferior free margins of the quadrangular membrane form?
Superior - aryepiglottic folds - laryngeal inlet
Inferior - vestibular ligament - false vocal cords
What forms the true vocal ligament?
Superior free border of the cricothyroid membrane thickening
What is the laryngeal ventricle?
What does it lead into and what is the function of this area?
Small recess between the vestibular and vocal folds
Leads laterally and superiorly into the saccule
Contains mucous gland - keep folds moist.
What are the true vocal cords lined with?
Stratified squamous epithelium
Describe the action of cricothyroid.
Tips thyroid cartilage forward on the cricoid cartilage increasing tension in the vocal cords Creating higher pitch noise
What muscles narrow the laryngeal inlet and pull down the epiglottis?
What is this assisted by?
Muscles running in the ary-epiglottic folds.
Elevation of the larynx due to pharyngeal muscles and suprahyoids.
What is the sensory innervation to the subglottis?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
What vessel is the RLN associated with?
Inferior thyroid artery
Which RLN is more affected with cancer involving apex of the lung?
Right RLN
What causes the pinching off of the Rathke’s pouch?
Development of the sphenoid bone as it ossifies.
Where do the tongue muscles originate?
Occipital somites
What is treacher-Collins syndrome characterised by?
Inheritance pattern?
Which arches are not colonised?
Hypoplasia of mandible and facial bones
Autosomal dominant
1st
What 2 endocrine organs are not seen in Di-Georgia syndrome?
CATCH22?
Pathophysiology?
Thymus
Parathyroid glands
Deletion on 22nd chromosome
3 and 4th pharyngeal pouches’ development is disrupted due to abnormal neural crest development
