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MD3001 ANATOMY > Larynx > Flashcards

Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

List the functions of the Larynx (3)

A

Transport of air
Protective sphincter
Phonation

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2
Q

What and where is the larynx?

A

The larynx is a membranous (fibro-elastic) tube suspended between cartilages

found between oropharynx and trachea (C3-C6) vertebrae

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3
Q

How is the nasopharynx divided from the oropharynx?

A

soft palate

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4
Q

List the laryngeal cartilages:

A 
Epiglottis
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid Cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
Corniculate cartilage
Cuneiform cartilage
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5
Q

What are the ligamentous attachments of the epiglottis?

A

attaches to hyoid bone by the Hyoepiglottic ligament

attaches to the thyroid cartilage by the thyroepiglottic ligament

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6
Q

Describe the thyroid cartilage:

A

Has two laminae (L & R) where they fuse they create the SUPERIOR THYROID NOTCH

Has thyroid angle called LARYNGEAL PROMINENCE

Has an OBLIQUE LINE for muscle attachments

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7
Q

Describe the cricoid cartilage:

A

Has the lamina posteriorly

cricoid cartilage is the only complete ring

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8
Q

What does the cricoid cartilage articulate with?

A

articulates with the arytenoids (has ‘sloping shoulder’ with facets for arytenoids to sit on top)
and articulates with inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage (has facets on lateral sides)

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9
Q

Describe the ridge and depressions of the cricoid cartilage:

A

Has a ridge for the attachment of the oesophagus

and has two depressions on either side of ridge for attachment of posterior crico-arytenoid muscle

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10
Q

What are the two processes of the arytenoid cartilage?

A

Vocal process (anteriorly): for the attachment of the vocal ligament

Muscular Process (posteriorly) for the attachment of the post and lat circa-arytenoid muscles

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11
Q

Describe the ridge and depressions of the arytenoid cartilage:

A

The ridge separates two depressions:

superior depression: for the attachment of the vestibular ligament

inferior depression: for the attachment of the vocalis muscle

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12
Q

What is the fibro-eleasic tube divided into:

A

divided into two sections by the LARYNGEAL VENTRICLE

superiorly: quadrangular membrane
inferiorly: Conus Elasticus

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13
Q

What are the edges of the quadrangular membrane?

A

aryepiglottic ligament (fold) & the vestibular ligament (aka false vocal cord)

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14
Q

What is the Conus elasticus also called?

A

Cricovocal membrane

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15
Q

What does the conus elasticus blend with anteriorly?

A

cricothyroid ligament (site of emergency access to the airway- tracheotomy)

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16
Q

How is the thyro-hyoid membrane pierced?

A

pierced on either side by the superior laryngeal vessels and superior laryngeal nerve (internal branch)

17
Q

What makes the upper edge of the conus elasticus?

A

vocal cords

18
Q

Describe the laryngeal ventricle?

A

between the vestibular (false vocal cords) and the vocal folds(cords)

leads to the saccule( which provides the lubricating mucus for the vocal folds)

19
Q

What is the laryngeal inlet bound by?

A

aryepiglottic folds

20
Q

What is the rims glottis (glottidis) bound by?

A

vocal cords and muscular process of the arytenoid

21
Q

Describe & list the extrinsic laryngeal muscles:

A

extend between the skull to larynx & pharynx

act as elevators & depressors of the larynx and pharynx

elevators: mylohyoid- geniohyoid- stylohyoid- thyrohyoid- digastric- salpingopharyngeus- stylopharyngeus- palatopharyngeus
depressors: sternothyroid- thyrohyiod- sternohyoid

22
Q

What are the functions of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles?

A
  • Open/close the laryngeal inlet
  • Open/close vocal folds or rims glottis
  • Lengthen/shorten the vocal folds to alter tension
23
Q

Describe the vascular supply of the larynx:

A

Superior thyroid artery—-> superior laryngeal artery
Inferior thyroid artery—> inferior laryngeal artery

Veins:

superior laryngeal vein—-> superior thyroid vein—-> internal jugular vein

inferior laryngeal vein—-> inferior thyroid vein—> brachiocephalic vein

24
Q

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the larynx:

A

Above vocal cord: superior deep cervical lymph nodes

Below the vocal cord: 
prelaryngeal,
pretracheal,
inferior deep cervical,
supraclavicular lymph nodes
25
Q

what are the neural supply of the larynx:

A

The superior laryngeal nerve

the recurrent laryngeal nerve (inferior laryngeal nerve)

(branch of the vagus:

26
Q

What does the superior laryngeal nerve give off:

A

Internal branch (internal laryngeal nerve)

external branch(external laryngeal nerve) - supplies the cricothyroid muscle

27
Q

What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve give off:

A

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve: passes inferior to the aorta and the ligament arterisoum, close to left lung hilum

Right recurrent laryngeal nerve: passes inferior to the subclavian artery

supplies all the intrinsic laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid muscle

MD3001 ANATOMY (1 decks)

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