Large Intestine Flashcards
it is a radiographic examination of the large colon using negative and positive contrast media.
Barium Enema or Large Bowel Series
Projections for Barium Enema
PA
PA Axial
RAO
LAO
Right & Left Lateral
AP
AP Axial
RPO
LPO
R & L Lateral Decubitus
it extends from ILEUM to ANUS and is attached to the posterior abdominal wall by its mesocolon
Large Intestine
it is a double layer of periosteum
mesocolon
What are the four major regions of the large intestine?
cecum
colon
rectum
anal canal
The opening from the ileum into the large intestine is guarded by a fold of mucus membrane called __________ wc allows material from the small intestine to pass into the large intestine.
ileocecal sphincter (valve)
Hanging inferior to the ileocecal valve is the ________, a SMALL POUCH about 6 mm long
cecum
Attached to the cecum is a TWISTED, COILED TUBE, measuring about 8 cm in length, called
appendix or vermiform appendix
The mesentery of the appendix called the ________, attaches the appendix to the inferior part of the mesentery of the ileum.
mesoappendix
The opening of the cecum merges with a long tube called a ________, wc is divided into ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid portions.
colon
Both the ascending and descending colon are __________, the transverse and sigmoid colon are not.
retroperitoneal
the last 20 cm (8 inches) of the GI tract, lies anterior to the sacrum and coccyx.
Rectum
the terminal of the rectum is called ____
anal canal
the mucous membrane of the anal canal is arranged in longitudinal folds called
anus
is an inflammatory condition of the large intestine that may be caused by many factors, including bacterial infection
colitis
described as a severe form of colitis that is most common among young adults. It is the most common forms of inflammatory bowel disease
ulcerative colitis
is an outpouching of the mucosal wall that may result from herniation of the inner wall of the colon.
diverticulum
common in the large intestine. Most carcinomas of the large intestine occur in the RECTUM and SIGMOID COLON.
Neoplasms
one of the most typical forms of colon cancer, may form an “apple-core”, or “napkin-ring” appearance as the tumor grows and infiltrates the bowel walls. Frequently results in large bowel obstruction.
Annular Carcinoma (adenocarcinoma)
are saclike projections similar to diverticula except that they project inward into the lumen rather than outward
polyps
Modalities used to demonstrate neoplasms in the large intestine
Barium Enema
Endoscopy
CT Colonography
is a twisting of a portion of the intestine on its own mesentery, leading to a mechanical type of obstruction.
volvulus
volvulus describes the ascending colon and the cecum as
having a long mesentery, which makes them more susceptible to a
volvulus.
cecal
is a telescoping or invagination of one part of the
intestine into another. It is most common in infants younger than 2
years of age but can occur in adults.
intussusception
the barium enema generally is not performed in cases of acute appendicitis because of the DANGER OF PERFORATION
laxatives: castor oil
Appendicitis
