large concepts

Question 1

Describe the process of glycolysis (4)

Answer 1

• Phosphorylation of glucose using ATP
• Oxidation of triose phosphate to pyruvate;
• Net gain of ATP
• NAD reduced

Question 2

Malonate inhibits a reaction in the Krebs cycle.
Explain why malonate would decrease the uptake of oxygen in a respiring cell. (2)

Answer 2

• Less/no reduced NAD/coenzymes
• Oxygen is the final/terminal (electron) acceptor

Question 3

In muscles, pyruvate is converted to lactate during prolonged exercise.
Explain why converting pyruvate to lactate allows the continued production of ATP by anaerobic respiration (2)

Answer 3

• Regenerates/produces NAD
• (So) glycolysis continues

Question 4

Describe the advantage of the Bohr effect during intense exercise (2)

Answer 4

• increases dissociation of oxygen
• for aerobic respiration at the tissues/ muscles/ cells