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Anesthesiology JK > Large animals and Special Species DOC > Flashcards

Large animals and Special Species DOC Flashcards

1
Q

DOC Rabbit: sedation/light anesthesia

A

Midazolam + Butorphanol + Ketamine

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2
Q

T/F. Anesthesia in rabbits is more beneficial when Telazol is added

A

False. NEPHROTOXIC!

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3
Q

DOC Rabbit: induction drugs

A

Propofol or alfaxalone. Used after sedation.

Maintain with Iso/Sevo

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4
Q

T/F. Masking without sedation in rabbits takes long and unlikely to result in adequate depth for intubation without significant CV/pulmonary depression.

A

True.

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5
Q

How do you intubate rabbits?

A

PRONE TO LARYNGEAL SPASM.
Lidocain spray/drops, extend neck.
Blind intubation (Confirm with ETCO2).
If procedure is short, maintain with mask but cannot assist ventilation.
Supraglottic device: block the esophagus to enter trachea.

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6
Q

How do you maintain Rabbits on Anesthesia?

A

ISO/Sevo (non-rebreathing), 5-10 mg/kg/hr fluids, Assist ventilation (rabbits will hyperventilate).

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7
Q

What do you monitor rabbits with?

A

SpO2, Doppler, ETCO2 (if intubated)

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8
Q

What is normal HR and RR for rabbits?

A

HR: 120-200
RR: 20-30

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9
Q

T/F. You need to keep all animals warm under anesthesia.

A

True

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10
Q

DOC rabbits: Recovery/Analgesia

A

Buprenorphine or meloxicam

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11
Q

When do you extubate rabbits?

A

When they start moving head/swallow.

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12
Q

T/F. Fasting is necessary for ferrets.

A

False. Fasting unnecessary (want to avoid hypoglycemia).

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13
Q

DOC Ferrets: Premedication

A

Hydro/oxymorphine/buprenorphine + midazolam + ketamine

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14
Q

DOC Ferrets: Induction

A

IV propofol, alfaxalone, or ketamine + midazolam.

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15
Q

How do you maintain ferrets under anesthesia?

A

Maintain on Iso/Sevo; 5-10 ml/kg/hr fluids + dextrose (if needed); keep warm; IPPV.
SpO2 (hand, tongue), follow trends for BP, ECG. Keep warm

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16
Q

What is normal HR in ferrets?

A

HR: 120-200

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17
Q

DOC ferrets: Recovery/Analgesia

A

Buprenorphine, butorphanol, meloxicam

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18
Q

T/F. Must encourage eating ASAP for ferrets and rabbits.

A

True.

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19
Q

T/F. Injectable techniques used for anesthesia but high doses needed to produce immobilization due to high metabolic rates in RATS.

A

True

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20
Q

Which vein is used for IV access in rats?

A

Lateral tail vein

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21
Q

Why is it the best to give SC to GUINEA PIGS?

A

Self mutilation can happen with IM.

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22
Q

T/F. Guinea pigs must be fasted before anesthesia.

A

False. Guinea pigs MUST NOT BE fasted. Also, remove food from cheek pouches.

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23
Q

What is the best sedation/Analgesia used in guinea pigs before induction?

A

Midazolam

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24
Q

What is the only opening in guinea pigs between the oral pharynx and more proximal aspect of pharynx for intubation?

A

Palatal ostium

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25
Q

What is the normal HR in rats? Guinea pigs?

A

Rat: 250-350

Guinea pigs: 150-250

26
Q

T/F. Heart sounds in reptiles are auscultated base of heart.

A

False. HEART SOUND CANNOT BE AUSCULTATED IN REPTILES.

27
Q

Which monitor demonstrates blood flow in reptiles?

A

Doppler

28
Q

T/F. Reptiles must be fasted prior to anesthesia.

A

True. Pre-op BW depends on condition (BLOOD GLUCOSE generally lower than small animals)

29
Q

Which drugs are used as premed in reptiles?

A

Midazolam IM.

Prolonged recovery always a concern with injectables. Use drugs that are reversible (slow metabolism).

30
Q

IV Access in Chelonians? Snake? Intraosseous catheterization?

A

Chelonians: jugular vein (bilateral, lateral surface of neck), dorsal coccygeal vein.
Snake: ventral coccygeal vein.
Intraosseous catherization: femur, tibial, distal humerus.

31
Q

T/F. Fill up a zip-lock bag with Iso/Sevo and wait 15-30 minutes. Reptiles need to be ventilated because they have long induction times.

A

True.

32
Q

Which meds are used to induce larger snakes/chelonians?

A

Propofol, alfaxalone (IV caudal vein)

33
Q

What is the pressure that you need to keep UNDER to avoid damage to fragile lungs in reptiles?

A

Under 15mmHg

34
Q

T/F. reflexes, RR, HR are needed to maintain reptiles under anesthesia.

A

False. These are not good indications (they can change with environment).
ETCO2 best used with mainstream (use as trends)

35
Q

What is the normal HR for reptiles?

A

> 30 but not less than 60% of conscious rate

36
Q

What are some general facts that you have to know before RABBIT anesthesia?

A

Increased muscle mass, fractures of back and hindlegs.
Very small thoracic cavity (impediment form large GI volume) > anesthesia related respiratory depression (REQUIRES ASSISTED VENTILATION).
40% rabbits have the enzyme atropinase (short duration for atropine; Glycopyrrolate is better).

37
Q

T/F. Rabbits need to be fasted before anesthesia.

A

False. NOT FASTED!

38
Q

Where are the blood samples for rabbits taken? IV catheter?

A

Blood samples: jugular, lateral saphenous.
IV catheter: cephalic vein, lateral saphenous.
Ear veins not recommended in pet rabbits.

39
Q

What are complications for swine anesthesia?

A

Veins and arteries not readily accessible, limited sites for injections (fat), intubation difficult, resistant to alpha2, PORCINE STRESS SYNDROME

40
Q

Pigs. IV catheter placement.

A

Ear veins, lateral saphenous

41
Q

T/F. pigs must be fasted prior to anesthesia.

A

True. 12-24 hours prior (gas accumulation > distension > pressure on diaphragm > impede on ventilation)

42
Q

T/F. Easy to intubate in pigs.

A

False. Difficult to intubate (difficult to visualize larynx)

43
Q

T/F. Pigs are always on dorsal recumbency during intubation.

A

False. STERNAL

44
Q

Which animals require lidocaine to depress spasms of larynx?

A

Pigs

45
Q

How do you verify proper ET tube placement in pigs?

A

ETCO2 wave form (most reliable)

46
Q

Drugs used for standing procedure in bovine.

A

Xylazine(20mg/ml)/Detomidine IV + Butorphanol IV

47
Q

Which species need lidocaine for IV catheter (Thick hide)?

A

Bovine

48
Q

DOC for premed + induction for Bovine

A

Xylazine/Detomidine IV + Butorphanol IV + GG + thiopental/ketamine

49
Q

T/F. Ruminants can be moved to dorsal/lateral recumbency from sternal recumbency once induced with the drugs and before intubation.

A

False. KEEP ON STENAL UNTIL INTUBATION!

50
Q

DOC. Premed for small ruminants

A

Midazolam/ACE IM+ butorphanol IM

51
Q

Which drugs are used for recovery in small ruminants?

A

Flunixin, Buprenorphine IV.

Atipamazole IM/IV or Tolazeline IM > reversal effects.

52
Q

T/F. Left jugular vein is used in camelids for IV catheter/venous access.

A

False. Right jugular vein is used.

53
Q

DOC. Premed for camelids.

A

Xylazine IV + Ketamine IM OR Xylazine + Ketamine + Butorphanol IV (field)

54
Q

DOC. Induction in camelids.

A

Propofol or Ketamine with midazolam/ketofol.

55
Q

Phenylephrine is used in horses and camelids to reduce what condition?

A

Nasal edema. BOTH OBLIGATE NASAL BREATHER

56
Q

T/F. Rabbits must not be fasted prior to anesthesia. Rabbits require assisted ventilation because they have a very small thoracic cavity (anesthesia related respiratory depression common).

A

True.

57
Q

Which veins do you get blood samples from in rabbits?

A

Jugular, lateral saphenous.

58
Q

Which veins do you put in IV catheters in rabbits?

A

Cephalic, lateral saphenous (ears veins not recommended in pet rabbits).

59
Q

Where do you get blood samples in ferrets? Where do you get place catheters in ferrets?

A

Jugular (more lateral).
ISO/SEVO produce profound decrease in RBC/WBC indices.
Catheters: Cephalic, lateral saphenous.

60
Q

T/F. Reptiles have a high blood glucose than small mammals.

A

False. Lower blood glucose than small mammals.

61
Q

T/F. Prolonged recovery always a concern with injectables in reptiles due to slow metabolism.

A

True (always want to have a reversible agent).

Anesthesiology JK (2 decks)

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