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Animal Nutrition Exam 1 > large animal feedstuffs > Flashcards

large animal feedstuffs Flashcards

1
Q

What is TDN

A

total digestable nutrients

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2
Q

T/F All nutrients decrease with maturity

A

true

this decrease is greater in grasses

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3
Q

Bermuda Grass

A

southern USA
lawns, pastures, hays
dense root mass, spreads through rhizomes
becomes fibrous when over mature
causes ileal impactions in horses (esp. immature grass) but is not a problem in ruminants

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4
Q

Bermuda Grass Protein, ADF and NDF

A

Protein 15-20%
ADF 25-30%
NDF ~55%

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5
Q

Ryegrass

A

perennial, good because cattle farmers can stock pile it
cool season
high quality

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6
Q

Ryegrass Protein, TDN

A

protein 12-16%

TDN 63-68

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7
Q

What happens to NDF and ADF as a pasture grass matures?

A

they both increase, as the grass gets older, it becomes less digestable

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8
Q

Brome Grass

A

winter hardy
US and into canada
common cool season grass
no serious issues with it

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9
Q

Brome Grass CP, ADF, NDF

A

CP 12-20%
ADF 22-26% (very digestible)
NDF ~50%

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10
Q

Cheat grass

A

BAD grass
CP 3%
TDN

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11
Q

What factor is used to best predict voluntary feed intake?

A

NDF

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12
Q

What factor is used to be indicate forage digestibility

A

ADF

lower it is, the more digestible but you don’t want it so low they have to chew their cud

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13
Q

Fescue

A

drought resistant
very common in lawns and pastures
adaptable to cool and warm weather
found mostly in eastern US (east of mississippi)

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14
Q

Fescue CP and ADF

A

CP 12-22%

ADF 30-40% (a little higher than other but still ok)

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15
Q

Problems with Tall Fescue

A 
Neotyphodium coenophialum (fungus) that casues fescue foor (gangrene) in cattle during the winter
summer syndrome
prolonged gestation, abortion
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16
Q

What is summer syndrome in cattle caused by?

A

Neotyphodium coenophialum (fungus)

stand in water because of increased body temp but wont eat, rapid breathing

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17
Q

Timothy grass

A 
important hay grass
coll adapted
cant withstand drought
favorite for horses
can be cubed
has very characteristic seed heads!
18
Q

Timothy grass CP and ADF

A

CP can be relatively high >20% but also ~12%

ADF of the timothy hay is ~35%

19
Q

Orchard Grass

A 
very common, quality grass hay
cool weather (not as much in south US)
not as resistant to drought or hooves
cut in early bloom or just before
very productive
CP 14-17%
CP early growing 25%
CP hay protein 12%
20
Q

What are the native grasses

A 
big bluestem
little bluestem
indian grass
switch grass
AKA: prairie hay
21
Q

What are the biggest protein sources for large animals

A

legumes

22
Q

what is the chief roughage legume

A

alfalfa mostly
clover
higher CP than grasses 15-25%
higher mineral content, esp. calcium which is important for cattle

23
Q

Alfalfa

A

excellent source: protein, Ca, carotene, tocopherol, and water soluble vitamins
highly palatable
deep rooted-drought tolerant

24
Q

Early bloom alfalfa Pro, ADF, NDF

A

Pro 18-19%
ADF 30.5%
NDF 40%

25
Q

midbloom alfalfa Pro, ADF, NDF

A

Pro 17-18%
ADF 35%
NDF 44%

26
Q

mature alfalfa Pro, ADF, NDF

A

Pro 15-16%
ADF 42.5%
NDF 49%

27
Q

Problems with alfalfa

A

froathy bloat in cattle!

blister beetle toxicity in horses (because of cantharidin)

28
Q

Which feed causes blister beetle toxicity?

A

alflalfa

29
Q

Which feed causing bleeding problems?

A

Sweet Clover

30
Q

Sweet clover

A

legume
Problem: high in coumarin, converted by molds to dicoumarol which is anti-vit K
bleeding problems and death (rare)
esp. problematic in neonates
cattle effect more than sheep and horses
seen after surgeries (castration, dehorning)
fetal hemorrhage followed by abortions

31
Q

Red Clover

A

Has slaframine which is mycotoxin from fungus and casues slobbering in horse

32
Q

Which feed causes photosentization?

A

alsike clover

33
Q

White clover

A 
good pasture legume
DM Protein 17-33% (pretty high)
23% avg
NDF 36%
ADF 24%
34
Q

Forbs

A

any low growing broadleaf plant that commonly grows with grass plants
(anything that has a blood is prob a forb)
goats readily consume many of these
sometimes sheep and cattle

35
Q

examples of Forbs

A

chicory
sunflower
dandelions

36
Q

what kind of grazers are goats?

A

opportunistic grazers- have to keep in mind plant toxicoses

37
Q

What happens when goats eat mountain laurel

A

they can vomit which causes aspiration pneumonia

38
Q

Japanese Yew

A

the whole plant except for the red berry is toxic (the seed is also toxic)
highly toxic to herbivores
acute onset and sudden death
taxine alkaloids inhibit depolarization in the heart

39
Q

T/F the quality of forages is highly variable

A

true

40
Q

when are forages most nutritious

A

when harvested and eaten as a young plant, but that causes crop yields to be lower

41
Q

Quality of forages depends on

A

degree of leafiness

stage of maturity

42
Q

What is the most nutrient rich part of the forage

A

leaf and stem. stems have more fiber, lower protein, DE, mineral and vitamins

Animal Nutrition Exam 1 (2 decks)

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