Large animal castration Flashcards
Pre operative considerations
systemically healthy
are there two testicles?
give tetanus toxoid
NSAIDs-Bute, Banamine
abx-depends on environment, penicillin, Ceftiofur
supplies
general instrument pack
sterile gloves
scrub
emasculators
suture
ropes
towels
+/- IV catheter
Standing castration
advantages: less cost & assistance, quicker, choice if poor anesthetic candidate
disadvantages-vulnerable position, avoid on small horses, donkeys and mules, assess temperament prior
sedation
local analgesia essential, spermatic cord/intra-testicular
position-tight to horse, keep head up and use reach of arms
recumbent castration
environment-field conditions, hospital conditions
anesthesia-xylazine followed by ketamine & diazepam
recumbency-left lateral vs dorsal
rope restraint-tie the limbs to maintain safety
open castration
incision-through both scrotum and parietal tunic
dissection-ligament of tail of epididymis
exteriorization-testicle and spermatic cord
+/- ligation-hemostasis, foreign material
masculation-leaves parietal tunic behind
emasculation
Nut to nut
held clamped from >1 min
variable types of emasculators
closed castration
incision-only through scrotum, not through parietal tunic!
stripping-dissection of scrotal fascia
emasculation
+/- primary closure- decreases ris of herniation, evisceration and foreign material
common
semi closed castration
incision-scrotum, 2 cm incision into parietal tunic
eversion of tunic
like closed castration-emasculate spermatic cords followed by parietal tunic
Scrotal healing
second intention-drainage, stretching incision, trim excess fascial tissue
primary closure-excellent hemostasis, if in sterile environment, increased cost
other procedures you can do during castration
remove wolf teeth 505 & 605
interferes with bit placement in the mouth
post-op reccommendations
open scroal incision-movement (trot daily), hydrotherapy (dec swelling)
closed-confinement to facilitate primary intention healing
isolation from mares-still has active spermatozoa for up to 2 days
Hemorrhage complication
common
emasculator application-thick cords, angle non-penpendicular, instrument condition
testicular artery-some dripping normal, active stream not normal
tx: wait 20-30 min and observe, sedate and regrasp cord to ligate
Evisceration complication
prolaspe of intestine/omental tissue through inguinal canal and scrotum
Standardbreds and Drafts
clean and replace contents back into abdomen-anesthesize and refer immediately
sequela-strangulation of tissue, septic peritonitis
edema complication
common, normal result
management-exercise and hydrotherapy
if non-responsive-reopen scrotal incision, promote further drainage
Septic funiculitis complication
infection of spermatic cord
open castration
tx: abx, drainage, sx
Champignon vs Scirrhous cord
strept vs staph
