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Large Animal Review > Large Animal > Flashcards

Large Animal Flashcards

1
Q

The inability to move enough calcium from bone into milk is known as:

A

Hypocalcaemia

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2
Q

Parturition is another term for:

A

Giving birth

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3
Q

Difficult birth is known as:

A

Dystocia

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4
Q

Symptoms of hypocalcaemia are:

A

muscle weakness, subnormal temperature, increased heart rate, sternal recumbancy, loss of consciousness

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5
Q

Parturient paresis is also known as:

A

Milk fever

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6
Q

What is the common treatment for hypocalcaemia?

A

Calcium IV or SQ

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7
Q

What are the terms for a twisted “stomach” in a cow? Left and Right…

A

Displaced abomasum

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8
Q

Which displacement cannot be left overnight?

A

RDA

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9
Q

Why is livestock production important? List 4

A

food supply, economy, livestock allow unsuitable cropland to be utilized for grazing and create fertilizer, animal by-products

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10
Q

Which continents are most impacted by world hunger?

A

Africa and Asia

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11
Q

Why is animal protein better for us?

A

better balance of amino acids

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12
Q

With 11% of the world’s land mass being suitable for food production, through the growth of crops, we can still survive on plant based proteins.
True or False

A

False

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13
Q

What are some by-products produced by livestock that we can utilize? (6)

A

fecal matter, cosmetics, medications, gelatin, suture material, leather

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14
Q

What is catgut?

A

Suture material made from ruminant intestine

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15
Q

List the main livestock production in Canada. (7)

A

Beef, Dairy, Hogs, turkeys, sheep, goats, aquaculture

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16
Q

Animal production provides employment for 84000 Canadians.
True or False

A

True

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17
Q

How does food production stimulate local economies?

A

Restaurant supply, local shops, local meat markets

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18
Q

What are the main livestock products in Atlantic Canada?

A

dairy, poultry, beef

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19
Q

What region of Canada is the vast majority of beef and pork produced?

A

Western Canada and Quebec

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20
Q

What are some livestock uses outside of food production? (6)

A

hobby farm, horse showing, racing, equine assisted therapy, logging, transportation

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21
Q

What is the veterinarian role in large animal medicine? (3)

A

individual animal care, herd level animal care, consulting with producers

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22
Q

What would the DVM do in regards to consulting with producers? (2)

A

develop SOPs, analyze production data

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23
Q

Herd level animal care would include…(4)

A

preventative medicine, herd outbreaks, preg checks, welfare

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24
Q

What is the relationship that must be established in order for producers to administer and house medications including abx?

A

VCPR-Veterinary Client Patient Relationship

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25
Q

How often does a DVM need to visit a farm to maintain the VCPR?

A

Annually

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26
Q

Describe One Health.

A

veterinarians, human doctors, and environmental experts work together to reduce the spread of zoonotic disease and the health of the planet as a whole

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27
Q

What is the population of beef cattle in Canada?

A

over 10 million

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28
Q

What is the term for a young female bovine that has not calved?

A

heifer

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29
Q

A female bovine that has calved

A

Cow

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30
Q

a castrated male bovine

A

steer

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31
Q

an intact male bovine

A

bull

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32
Q

what is the term forcattle that need to leave the herd?

A

cull

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33
Q

What is TMR in relation to feeding cattle

A

total mixed ration

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34
Q

what is the term for a fattened ready to sell bovine?

A

finished

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35
Q

What are the two main categories of beef cattle?

A

british and exotic

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36
Q

Where is the Angus from?

A

Aberdeen, Scotland

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37
Q

What are Angus known for?

A

good mothers and superior carcass traits

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38
Q

Where does the hereford originate from?

A

England

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39
Q

What is the hereford known for?

A

maturing early and converting feed into fat and muscle

40
Q

What is the breed is often used in crossbreeding?

A

hereford, charolais

41
Q

this breed is considered exotic and from France

A

charolais

42
Q

The simmental originates from where?

A

Switzerland

43
Q

most herds are made up of purebred beef cattle
True or False

A

False

44
Q

beef calves stay with their mothers for how long?

A

6-10 months

45
Q

what is appropriate PPE for a barn? (4)

A

steel toed rubber boots, coveralls, gloves, arm gloves

46
Q

where is a bovine’s blindspot?

A

directly behind them

47
Q

How should you always approach cattle?

A

from the side

48
Q

Cattle cannot kick sideways
True or False

A

False

49
Q

what is the flight zone?

A

imaginary boundary that encircles the cow

50
Q

Entering the flight zone will encourage cattle to move away from you.
True or False

A

True

51
Q

Name the gates used to restrain cattle (2)

A

self locking headgates, squeeze chutes

52
Q

What are some other restraint devices for cattle (3)

A

halter, nose tongs, kick bars

53
Q

what is a restraint technique utilized to briefly immobilize cattle

A

tail jack

54
Q

Name three methods of moving a down cow

A

place on a sled, hip lifters, water therapy

55
Q

Horses can sleep standing up. What gives them this ability?

A

Stay apparatus

56
Q

What is an intact male horse?

A

Stallion

57
Q

How are horses measured? and how big is that measurement?

A

hands, 4”

58
Q

A pony is classified by being under ______ hands.

A

14.2

59
Q

What is a warm blooded horse?

A

mix of cold and hot blooded breeds

60
Q

What is a white leg marking called that is up to the knee?

A

stocking

61
Q

If a horse has a small white marking on its nose, between its nostrils, what is this marking called?

A

snip

62
Q

At what age do the canine teeth in a horse erupt?

A

4-5 years of age

63
Q

The horse is a hind gut fermenter.
True or False

A

True

64
Q

A horse can get colic or laminitis from a rapid diet change.
True or False

A

True

65
Q

What is the gestation period for a horse?

A

333-342 days ish

66
Q

When can an ultrasound detect pregnancy in a horse?

A

10-12 days

67
Q

When leading a horse, you should always have the rope loose and dangling near its front legs and wrap the lead rope tightly around your hand.
True or False

A

False

68
Q

The best way to move a horse is by applying what? rather than pulling?

A

pressure

69
Q

List equine restraint techniques: (4)

A

1) twitch
2) hold a leg up
3) tail lift (foals)
4) sedation

70
Q

Why would a barn owner have a veterinarian come out to the farm annually for several horses rather than just one?

A

to save expenses-usually one call fee, owners of horses can split that cost

71
Q

As a VA list important factors to consider when scheduling an equine annual visit to a boarding facility with several horses to examine. (4)

A
  1. every horse to be examined is in appointment booking
  2. each procedure to be performed is detailed in the booking
  3. someone will be onsite to assist the veterinarian in locating the correct horses
  4. ensure location of horses in stalls-labelled stalls
72
Q

List what an annual exam for a horse would entail in most cases. (8)

A
  1. visual exam
  2. TPR
  3. GI sounds
  4. dermatologic
  5. musculoskeletal
  6. eyes/ears
  7. dental exam
  8. foot exam
73
Q

What is important to do when acquiring a rectal temperature on a horse? (3)

A
  1. Ensure thermometer is on rectal wall
  2. stand to the side, never directly behind
  3. let them know you are there, pat and distract from procedure
74
Q

Where is it best to listen to a horse’s heart?

A

Left and Right side, behind the elbow

75
Q

What is the gutteral pouch on a horse?

A

upper airway pocket

76
Q

Why do horses need their teeth floated?

A

sharp enamel points that occur naturally with growth

77
Q

List the vaccines horses get as core vaccines (5)

A
  1. tetanus
  2. west nile virus
  3. eastern equine encephalitis EEE
  4. western equine encephalitis WEE
  5. rabies
78
Q

What is the most common reason for a veterinary examination with a horse that is not due to an emergency or illness?

A

lameness

79
Q

What was the first horse discovered 50 million years ago?

A

Eohippus

80
Q

Humans began domesticating horses around 4000BC
True or False

A

True

81
Q

Genus Equus includes:

A

zebras, donkeys and horses

82
Q

Horses are primarily identified by what three factors

A

Breed, colour, markings

83
Q

List some breeds of warm blood horses

A

Hanoverian, oldenburg, holstein, dutch, belgian

84
Q

Warm bloods are primarily used for what in the equestrian world?

A

eventing, jumping and dressage

85
Q

What is a draft horse?

A

work horse-large, gentle, used for pulling wagons, plowing fields

86
Q

List some breeds of draft horse

A

clydesdale, percheron, belgian

87
Q

The arabian and thoroughbred horse are considered hot blooded
T/F

A

True

88
Q

Another category riding horses fall into would be:

A

Stock

89
Q

What are some common stock horse breeds?

A

American Paint, appaloosa, american quaterhorse

90
Q

Sports that stock horses may be used in would include:

A

Roping, barrel racing, team penning, western pleasure and showmanship, sorting, reining

91
Q

Common pony breeds are:

A

Welsh, shetland, hackney, miniature

92
Q

What are the dairy cattle breeds mentioned in lecture.

A

Holstein, jersey, guernsey, ayrshire, brown swiss, milking shorthorn

93
Q

What are the beef breeds of cattle discussed?

A

Aberdeen angus, hereford, shorthorn, charolais, simmental, limousin

94
Q

What beef breed is also used as a dairy breed in some countries?

A

Simmental

95
Q

One Health includes veterinary professionals as well as:

A

human medical professionals and environmental health experts

96
Q

What is required on farm in order for a veterinarian to allow a farmer to house and administer antibiotics without a veterinary visit every single time? and how often does this have to be renewed?

A

VCPR and annually

97
Q

What is the primary public health reason for the VCPR?

A

to encourage and maintain prudent use of antibiotics

Large Animal Review (1 decks)

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