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Landscape Architecture Registration Exam > LARE 4-2 > Flashcards

LARE 4-2 Flashcards

1
Q

Soil should be stockpiled to which max. height?

A

4’-0”

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2
Q

Accelerating admixture effects

A

shortens the setting time of concrete, results in higher early strength and increases dry shrinkage during setting

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3
Q

What is included in an invitation to bid

A

Project title & description, identification of principals (ie landscape architect), time and place for receipt of bids, type of contract. Does NOT include bid form.

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4
Q

Most erodable type of soil

A

fine, silty soils

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5
Q

Northing and easting values are associated with what layout system

A

coordinate system (a grid used to locate points 2 dimensionally)

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6
Q

Benefits of sustainable stormwater management

A 
Reduce downstream flooding
Lower site maintenance cost
Improve safety
Provide wildlife habitat
Maintain soil moisture
Create recreational opportunities
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7
Q

Purposes of level spreaders

A

distribute stormwater over a wide area
Maximize filtration by adjacent vegetation
Minimize erosion

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8
Q

Tile vent

A

aerates fill soil above an existing tree

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9
Q

Hooded riser

A

used in wet retention ponds to control discharge of water to treatment facility; it is protected from debris with wire mesh and a hood; height corresponds to maximum storage depth of the pond

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10
Q

Appropriate elements for a therapy garden

A

provide enclosure
include water
limit maintenance (it can be disruptive)

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11
Q

depth of subdrain pipes

A

below the frost line

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12
Q

Factors that can contribute to slope failure

A 
increasing grade
increasing load on slope
removing vegetation
altering surface drainage
altering subsurface drainage
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13
Q

Purpose of stormwater detention facilities

A

hold runoff during storm events and release after peak storm has passed; control peak discharge (not intended to infiltrate stormwater)

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14
Q

Reference specifications

A

are developed by industry professionals and associations (reduce length of specifications by referring to preset standards)

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15
Q

Advantages of nails over screws in wood construction

A

lower materials cost

quicker installation

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16
Q

Advantages of concrete

A

high durability
low maintenance cost
hard surface
adaptability

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17
Q

Disadvantages of concrete

A

require joints
low tensile strength
difficult to color evenly and permanently

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18
Q

Components of a tree protection plan

A 
location of trees
Location of plants to be protected
Survey base
protection fencing
limits of work
reference notes
keynote list
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19
Q

Stabilized construction entrance

A

mountable

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20
Q

Parts included in Project Manual

A 
General Conditions
Bidding Documents
Sample Forms
Schedule of Drawings
Supplementary Provisions
Technical Specifications
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21
Q

Average End Area Method

A

method for calculating volume of cut/fill - best for linear areas
V=(A1+A2)xL
Cut and fill are calculated separately

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22
Q

Extensive Greenroof

A

planting medium typically 1.6-6” deep
Typically use drought tolerant sedums and grasses
Typically used for sustainability or building-performance purposes (not human enjoyment)

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23
Q

Intensive Greenroof

A

Over 6” of planting medium
May include shrubs or trees
Typically used when they can be enjoyed by people

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24
Q

Flow sensor

A

installed in an irrigation mainline to detect leaks
located at the beginning of the irrigation system, after the backflow preventer and master valve; detects water flowing through mainline when system is turned off

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25
Q

Knox Box

A

Fire Access Box - allows firefighters or emergency personnel to access via a PIN; metal box that contains keys; does not require electric power or phone line

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26
Q

Expansion shield

A

used to anchor lag bolts to concrete or masonry

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27
Q

anchor bolt

A

used to attach structural elements to concrete; one end is embedded in concrete, other end is threaded to attached to structural support (also called J bolt)

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28
Q

carriage bolt

A

used to fasten wood to metal, or fasten to pieces of wood; round, dome shaped head; square neck

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29
Q

machine screw

A

have uniform diameter (no tapered end) used to fasten machine parts; may have unthreaded shoulder; hex or square head

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30
Q

toggle bolts

A

have wings that open for attaching to hollow structure like drywall

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31
Q

Bolts vs screw

A 
bolts are used with a nut
bolts often have unthreaded shank
screws are often tapered 
screws must always be turned to install
often bolts are held static while nut is turned to install
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32
Q

Lag bolt

A

heavy duty bolt; require pilot hole and washer; driven in with a wrench

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33
Q

lag bolt with fiber plug

A

anchor for use with wood or metal formed of braided jute fiber in a tube shape

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34
Q

Lag bolt with lag shield

A

metal anchor that expands to fill pre drilled hole in concrete or masonry when lag bolt is tightened; resistant to temperature fluctuations

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35
Q

threaded rod

A

rod with thread on both ends or fully threaded, designed to be used in tension; also known as stud

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36
Q

concrete nail

A

more heavy duty than wood nails; used to attached flooring to concrete

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37
Q

joist hanger

A

pre-manufactured metal piece used to attached joists to a ledger or beam; should be galvanized

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38
Q

post anchor

A

metal piece attached to a footing, used to secure wood post and protect it from ground moisture

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39
Q

post cap ties

A

connect 2x2’s to a 4x4 post

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40
Q

post tie plates

A

attaches boards to posts; lighter duty than post cap ties

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41
Q

metal strap/structural tie

A

used to reinforce connections between joists, ledgers, beams, posts; flat pieces of metal with holes for screws or bolts; may be straight, L or T shaped

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42
Q

plate anchor

A

used to stabilized cracking or bowed foundation or retaining walls

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43
Q

masonry wall tie

A

used to connect brick outer wall with concrete block structural wall

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44
Q

Rivet

A

smooth fastener with an end that expands 1.5 times the original diameter when using a rivet gun

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45
Q

z anchor

A

used to install natural stone slabs

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46
Q

geosynthetic reinforcing grid

A

used to increase soil strength under tension, such as under a road or behind a retaining wall

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47
Q

Welded wire mesh

A

alternative to using steel bars to reinforce concrete; saves time, labor and money

48
Q

Expansion joints

A

full depth of concrete
must be placed between concrete and building
allows for lateral movement between slabs

49
Q

Control/contraction joint

A

controls cracking to predetermined locations
panels should be square if possible and not exceed 1:1.5 ratio
joints commonly 24-30 times slab thickness
Min. depth 1/4 slab thickness
Must be placed at corners of pavement perpendicular to expansion joints

50
Q

benefits of masonry above concrete

A 
greater aesthetic variability
greater durability
higher compressive strength
better moisture resistance
(however it is more expensive and heavier)
51
Q

Location of infiltration basins

A

2-4’ above the water table
100’ or more from wells
Bottom set below the frost line
in soils with reasonability rapid infiltration rates

52
Q

ADA accessible table height

A

28-34”

53
Q

Truss reinforcement

A

longitudinal wires connected to diagonal wires between layers of masonry wall

54
Q

Fire protection planting zones

A

30’ from building - protection zone (low flammability, low stature plants, no wood furniture or mulches)
100’ from building - buffer zone
natural area fuel reduction zone (remove brush, prescribed burnings)

55
Q

first flush

A

the first .5 to 1.5 inches of rainfall that accounts for 75% of pollutant discharge in stormwater

56
Q

truncated hydrograph method

A

captures and retains the first flush on site - retains enough runoff volume to maintain predevelopment peak flow; does not control peak flow from storms larger than the design storm; eliminates natural stream flows from storms less than the design storm

57
Q

Integrated water balance planning

A

integrates water supply, water use, water storage, water disposal into one process within a site design

58
Q

water quality volume calculation

A

multiple square feet of impervious surface by water quality depth in feet (.083 feet = 1 inch)

59
Q

determining bioretention depth/area

A

water quality volume divided by area or depth (to find area or depth) - depth is usually 6-12 inches

60
Q

Sizing infiltration systems

A

basin volume = volume to be infiltrated / void space (usually 30% for gravel filled basins)

61
Q

Infiltration basin depth calcuation

A

Max depth = (drying time in days x soil infiltration rate (in feet per day) x safety factor) / void space (usually 30%)

62
Q

Porous paver design requirements

A

soil must have infiltration rate of .5” per hour

adjacent landscaped areas should drain away to avoid sediment clogging

63
Q

infiltration times for various stormwater control measures

A

rain garden - infiltrate in 1 day

bioretention basin - 48 hours

64
Q

Bioretention area design

A

contains underdrain
can remove some pollutants
max drainage area of 1 acre
locate close to source of runoff
use a flowsplitter to allow larger storms to bypass
bedrock or water table must be more than 2’ below bottom
Do not located in sandy soils (wouldn’t allow filtration)
Construct late in construction sequence
Use engineered soil.

65
Q

Infiltration basin design

A

Filled with gravel; typically 40% void space
Drainage area <1 acre; located close to runoff source
Include a forebay to prevent clogging with particles
infiltration rate of soil at least .5” per hour
incorporate observation wells
Should not be used for highly polluted water
Typically does not incorporate plants

66
Q

Vegetated swales

A

Cheaper than concrete culverts, but require more maintenance and area
Limited sediment filtration; a pretreatment of runoff
Design to convey large storms, typically 25 year storm
Side slopes 2:1 max; shallow conveyance slope preferred
100% vegetation cover to prevent erosion

67
Q

Bioswales

A

linear bioretention areas designed to convey, filter and infiltrate runoff.
Use engineered soil, underdrains and vegetation
Flow splitter may be needed
Pools may be used to dissipate erosive energy, but have potential to disturb previously deposited sediments

68
Q

Stormwater wetlands

A

low cost; require large area
undulating microtopography and permanent pools
rely on inflow from precipitation (unlike constructed wetlands)
stormwater depth should be max. 9” above permanent depth
72 hour drawdown (spillways)
forebay to collect sediment/trash
surface area 5-10% of catchment area
release into level spreaders or riparian areas
flowsplitter to divert excess water
catchment less than 5 acres

69
Q

Problems with traditional box culverts

A

they restrict stream flow, causing downstream scouring, and disrupting habitat
Solution: use bridges, wide, bottomless culverts or imbed bottom of culvert beneath stream bed to allow continuous habitat`

70
Q

Methods of using captured rainwater for irrigation

A

flood or furrow irrigation

surface ponding

71
Q

Primary Wastewater Treatment

A

Relies on gravity: screens, settling tanks

72
Q

Secondary Wastewater Treatment

A 
Require energy input and disinfectant
Constructed wetlands
Intermittent sand filters
Pressure dosed sand mounds
Pressure dosed soil absorption fields
trickling filter
73
Q

Benefits of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment

A 
easy to construct
landscape amenity
provide habitat
do not require energy input
Effective at removing nitrates, solids and carbon oxygen
(drawback) require more land
(drawback) require plant maintenance
74
Q

Species excellent for wastewater treatment

A

Typha, Scirpus, Carex (Phragmites is good but invasive)

75
Q

Tertiary wastewater treatment types

A 
nitrification trickling filter
recirculating sand filter
bag filters
cartridge filter
fine mesh screens
ozone disinfection
sodium hypochlorite
76
Q

Composite deck board spacing

A

Parallel boards 3/16” apart

77
Q

Best playground post material in sub zero temperatures

A

Powder coated steel

78
Q

Most important factor in evaluating letter size for roadway signage

A

Speed of vehicle

79
Q

Construction contract is fully executed when…

A

Work is complete and owner has made final payment

80
Q

Project manual includes…

A

Bidding docs
General conditions
Supplementary provisions
Technical specifications

81
Q

General conditions

A

Boilerplate
Rules under which project will be built
Establish rights, authority, obligations

82
Q

Supplementary conditions

A 
Specific to job
What owner will provide 
Type of survey
Phasing requirements 
Security, cost reporting, schedule
Material substitution info
Traffic control
Cultural artifact discovery
83
Q

Specifications include…

A 
Invitation to bid
Instructions to bidders
Gen and supp conditions 
Bid proposal 
Bid bond form 
Contract bond form
List of prevailing wages
Non collusion affidavit 
Tech specifications
84
Q

Structural soils ingredients

A

Gap graded angular crushed stone
Clay loam soil
Hydrogen (for binding)

85
Q

Soil stockpiling guidelines

A

Don’t stockpile more than 6 months

Don’t pile higher than 4’

86
Q

Lift

A

Uniform layer of fill soil

87
Q

Runoff control practices during construction

A 
Diversions 
Waterways
Slope protection
Grade control structures
Outlet protection
88
Q

Biotechnical erosion control measures

A

Live staking
Live fascines (branch bundles parallel to slope)
Brushlayering (branch bundles perpendicular to slope)
Branch packing
Live cribwall
Fiber rolls
Log terraces

89
Q

Open vs closed drainage systems

A

Open system all runoff is conveyed to the ground on site

Closed system, runoff is conveyed through pipes to an on or off site outlet

90
Q

Flashing

A

Thin piece of impervious metal used for waterproofing roofs, tops of windows or doors or along the top of foundations to direct water away from the structure

91
Q

Angle iron

A

Carbon steel beam with L profile, used to frame structures; extremely stable, can bear excessive pressure snd weight

92
Q

Brass pipe

A

Highly resistant to corrosion, water and heat damage. Soft metal, easy to create tight seal. Safe for drinking water

93
Q

Butt hinge

A

Metal hinge with two matching leaves used to mount doors

94
Q

Copper pipe

A

Can fail in Temps above 180. Can form condensation which can freeze and block pipes. Can give water a metallic taste. Acidic water can cause it to corrode.

95
Q

Mastic

A

Type of resin used to attach tile to walls

96
Q

Waterstop

A

Creates water right seal between concrete surfaces

97
Q

Most common mortar joint in masonry construction

A

Roddenberry joint

98
Q

The three types of retaining walls

A

Gravity, cantilever, counterfoil

99
Q

Major load carrying members of a deck

A

Beams

100
Q

Difference between screw and lag bolt

A

Head of the connector

101
Q

Description of a township

A

Portion, section, tier, range

102
Q

Plane survey process

A

Backsight I’d added to height of instrument and Foresight is deducted from height of instrument

103
Q

Two types of portland cement mortar most suitable

A

N and S

104
Q

Joints required I’m concrete to reduce cracking due to shrinkage

A

Control joints

105
Q

Increasing the amount of water in mortar will…

A

Increase tensile bond strength

Decrease compressive strength

106
Q

Minimum clear width for wheelchair

A

36”

107
Q

Unified ASTM soil classification groups soils by…

A

Bearing capacity

108
Q

Soil type least susceptible to frost avrion

A

Gravel

109
Q

Device that prevents contamination of water bodies with petroleum

A

Hooded catch basin

110
Q

Soil hydrologic group most likely to produce most runoff

A

D (least permeable)

111
Q

Minimum width for handicap stall

A

12 feet

112
Q

Water pressure calculation

A

Pressure=density x height x acceleration of gravity

113
Q

Water density

A

62.4 lbs per cubic foot

114
Q

Adding sulfur to soil…

A

Increases acidity

115
Q

Vacuum breaker valve purpose

A

Prevents contamination of potable water

116
Q

Minimum handicap parking stall width

A

12 feet

Landscape Architecture Registration Exam (2 decks)

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