Language Vocabulary

Question 1

Argument

Answer 1

A process of reasoned inquiry and rational discourse seeking common ground.

Question 2

Claim

Answer 2

An assertion that states the argument’s main idea or position.

Question 3

Claim of Fact

Answer 3

Assert that something is true or not true.

Question 4

Claim of value

Answer 4

Argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong, valuable or not valuable.

Question 5

Claim of policy

Answer 5

Any time you propose a change.

Question 6

Personal Expeirence

Answer 6

Adds a human element and can be an effective way to appeal to pathos.

Question 7

Personal observations

Answer 7

Things you have seen but not necessarily experienced.

Question 8

Testimony

Answer 8

An expression of how the writer feels about a personal experience or observation.

Question 9

Anecdotes

Answer 9

Stories about other people

Question 10

Analogies

Answer 10

Comparisons between two unrelated things- as a way to clarify one of them.

Question 11

Lines of reasoning

Answer 11

The connections between the claims in the writer’s argument and the evidence presented to support them.

Question 11

Historical information

Answer 11

Verifiable facts that a writer knows from research.

Question 12

Expert opinion

Answer 12

Backbone of an evidence-based argument.

Question 13

Classical argument

Answer 13

A five part structure

Question 13

Syllogism

Answer 13

A logical structure that uses the major premise and minor premise to reach a logical conclusion.

Question 14

Rogerian arguments

Answer 14

Based on the assumption that having a full understanding of an opposing position is essential to responding to it persuasively and refuting it in a way that is accomodating rather than alienating.

Question 15

Toulmin model

Answer 15

Six parts: claim, evidence, warrant, backing, qualifier, and reservation.

Question 16

Method of development

Answer 16

Modes of expression to achieve their purposes.

Question 17

Logical fallacies

Answer 17

Vunerablities in an argument caused by faulty reasoning or incorrect use of evidence.

Question 18

Red herring

Answer 18

When a speaker skips to a new and irrelevant topic in order to avoid the topic of discussion.

Question 19

Straw man fallacy

Answer 19

When a speaker chooses a deliberatley poor or oversimplified example in order to ridicule and refute an opponent’s viewpoint.

Question 20

Post hoc fallacies

Answer 20

Highlights that it is incorrect to claim that something is a cause just because it happened earlier.

Question 21

Either-or fallacies

Answer 21

The speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choices.

Question 22

Faulty generalization

Answer 22

Focuses on an irrelevant or inconsequential similarities between two things.

Question 23

Hasty generalization

Answer 23

Not enough evidence to support a given conclusion.

Question 24

ad hominem fallacy

Answer 24

The diversionary tactic of switching the argument from the issue at hand to the character of the other speaker.