Language Transfer Flashcards
How do you translate English words that end in “… ant” or “… ent”?
Simply append an “e”
important = importante
different = diferente
constant = constante
urgent = urgente
convenient = conveniente
You append an “e” to which 2 English adjective’s endings to easily translate to Spanish?
“… ant” or “… ent”
important = importante
different = diferente
constant = constante
urgent = urgente
convenient = conveniente
In order to get the English “… ly” effect? For example how would you change “different” to “differently”, etc?
Simply chop off the “… ly” and append “… mente” (sometimes “… emente”) to the end of the word.
differently = diferentemente
importantly = importantemente
legally = legalmente
really = realmente
English words ending in what 4 letters can often be translated into the Spanish infinitive form simply by swapping with those 4 letters with “r”?
“… tion”
cancelation = (to cancel) cancelar
exploration = (to explore) explorar
celebration = (to celebrate) celebrar
information = (to inform) informar
obligation = (to obligate) obligar
masturbation = (to masturbate) masturbar
What’s a method in which you can determine the Spanish translation for a word such as “Provoke”?
In English, build the English “… tion” word and then reduce to the infinitive Spanish form. For example, build the word “provoke” out to “provocation” then reduce to the infinitive “to provoke” by dropping the “… tion” and adding the “… r” “provocar”.
When building a sentence, what special thing do we do when we use the Spanish word for (coming) and (going)?
We add the Spanish word “a” after it.
Voy a visitar (I’m going/coming to to visit)
Vamos a salir (we’re going out)
For example: In the phrase “Vamos a salir,” the word “a” is used as a preposition to indicate the destination or purpose of the action. In this case, it indicates the intention or purpose of going out. The preposition “a” is commonly used after the verb “ir” (to go) when expressing future actions or intentions.
Salgo a comer {“a” because ‘salir’ is a ‘coming’‘going’ type verb of movement}
What are the 3 Spanish infinitive verb endings?
ar, er, ir
English words that end with which 4 letters can be be converted into the Spanish infinitive form by swapping with “… tener”?
“… tain”
Contain = contener {con-tener}
Obtain = obtener {ob-tener}
Sustain = sostener {sos-tener}*
Maintain = mantener {man-tener}*
Entertain = entretener {entre-tener}
Any new infinitive verbs discovered in the Spanish language will have which 2 letter ending?
“ar”
Yes, the door is now closed for any new verbs to end in “er” or “ir”.
With regards to word order, where is the “lo” (spanish word for “it”) placed in with regards to a ‘non-infinitive’ verb?
If the verb is a ‘changed’ aka. ‘completed’ or ‘non infinitive’ verb then the “lo” has the option of preceding or following the verb. For example: No lo creo dices. OR. No creo lo que dices. (both are correct)
With regards to word order, where is the “lo” (spanish word for “it”) placed in with regards to a ‘infinitive’ verb?
“lo” MUST FOLLOW its ‘infinitive’ verb. For example: Voy a hacer_lo_.
Spanish words ending in “…ion” are which gender?
Feminine
English words ending in “…ity” {like diversity} are converted to Spanish how?
Simply by swapping the “…ity” ending for “…idad” {diversidad}.
Note: These “…idad” words are feminine gender.
nationality = nacionalidad
creativity = creatividad
electricity = electricidad
generosity = generosidad
community = comunidad
opportunity = oportunidad
clarity = claridad
which verbs typically contain the highest number of irregular conjugations?
Typically, the most commonly used verbs are the most irregular.
How do you convert English words ending in “…ary” {like vocabulary} into Spanish?
Simply swap the “…ary” ending for “…ario” {vocabulario}
Explain the purpose of “que” in the following sentence: “Tengo que comer”
Adding “que” following verb forms of “tener” can awkwardly translate the “tener” meaning of “have” into “… have to …”.
Note: the word “que” typically translates into “what” or “that”. So, it’s a bit odd to use it as “to” when paired with “tener” but it’s quite common.
How do you create a Spanish infinitive verbs from English verbs ending in “…pose” {like compose}?
Simply swap the “…pose” ending for “…poner”. {componer} {suponer}
We can form the Present “yo” conjugation of Spanish verbs ending in “…poner” by swapping to what ending?
“…pongo”
to compose = componer
I compose = compongo
to suppose = suponer
I suppose = supongo
to impose = imponer
I impose = impongo
to expose = exponer
I expose = expongo
In Spanish verbs that have an “e” inside them (other than the final two letters) such as “tener” what often happens to this “e” during conjugating into various forms?
The “e” often changes to an irregular “i”.
This is because when the accent is stressed on the 1st syllable the “e” vowel sound sort of morphs into the “i” vowel sound. Tener [tiene, tienes, tienen]
English nouns containing an “e” can often be converted into Spanish partly by changing the “e” into what?
“i”
Concert = Concierto
November = Noviembre
In Spanish verbs that have an “o” inside them such as “poder” what often happens to this “o” during conjugating into various forms?
It turns into “..ue..” Poder {puedo}. Dormir {duermo}. Encontrar {encuentro}, Mostrar {muestro}
English words containing an “o” can often be converted into Spanish partly by changing the “o” into what?
”..ue..”
Port = Puerto
Force = Fuerza
The “we” form of a Spanish verb is not often irregular because of why?
the “we” version of the verb is not often irregular because there’s an extra syllable added towards the front end {i.e. decimos}, and the stress still falls on the second to last, i.e. penultimate syllable.
What are the “we”, present tense, verb endings for verbs whose infinitive endings are “ar”, “er” and “ir”?
“amos”, “emos” and “imos”
Where did we pause?
Lesson 21
