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English Advanced > Language Techniques & Parts of Speech > Flashcards

Language Techniques & Parts of Speech Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

concrete nouns

A

words for things you can see/touch e.g. table/church/book etc.

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2
Q

abstract nouns

A

words for things you can imagine/feel e.g. love/pain/idea/thought

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3
Q

adjectives

A

words that describe nouns e.g. large/impressive/private

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4
Q

verbs

A

doing words e.g. pray/kiss/stab

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5
Q

adverbs

A

words that describe verbs e.g. slowly/bravely/foolishly

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6
Q

personal pronouns

A

e.g. me/you/him/her

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7
Q

possessive pronouns

A

e.g. mine/yours/his/hers

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8
Q

exclusive pronouns

A

e.g. me vs you / us vs them

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9
Q

inclusive pronouns

A

e.g. we/us/our

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10
Q

prepositions

A

words that tell you where something is e.g. on/above/opposite

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11
Q

imagery

A

Vivid pictures created by words. Reader visualises character/setting clearly.

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12
Q

visual imagery

A

Words to do with things that you can see

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13
Q

tactile imagery

A

Words to do with different textures

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14
Q

olfactory imagery

A

Words to do with smells/tastes

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15
Q

aural imagery

A

Words to do with sounds

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16
Q

simile

A

comparing two things using like/as

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17
Q

metaphor

A

describing one thing as if it was something else without using as/like/than e.g. She is the ship on which I must travel

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18
Q

personification

A

Giving an inanimate object or idea humanlike characteristics in a metaphorical and representative way.

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19
Q

emotive language

A

words that are linked to emotion, or provoke strong emotions in the audience e.g. hate, love, children

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20
Q

hyperbole

A

exaggerations

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21
Q

superlatives

A

words that show extremity e.g. tallest, shortest, cleverest, biggest

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22
Q

exclamations

A

sentences ending with an exclamation mark

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23
Q

rhetorical questions

A

questions with an obvious answer

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24
Q

imperative verbs/voice

A

commands

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25
Q

declarative statements

A

statements of fact e.g. I felt sad, she came home, we gave up

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26
Q

pun

A

a play on words

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27
Q

foreshadowing

A

Hints at what will happen later on

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28
Q

pathetic fallacy

A

when you suggest the weather has emotions e.g. the heavens wept or when the weather echoes a character’s emotions e.g. rain > sad

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29
Q

alliteration

A

repetition of a letter sound at the start of several words.

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30
Q

dental alliteration

A

repetition of ‘d’/’t’ sounds

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31
Q

plosive alliteration

A

repetition of ‘p’/’b’ sounds

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32
Q

liquid alliteration

A

repetition of ‘l’ sounds

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33
Q

bilabial alliteration

A

repetition of ‘m’ sounds

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34
Q

aspirant alliteration

A

repetition of ‘h’ sounds

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35
Q

fricative alliteration

A

repetition of ‘f’/‘ph’ sounds

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36
Q

Sibilance

A

repetition of ‘s’ sounds

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37
Q

consonance

A

repetition of a particular consonant within a sentence
can be hard like ‘b’/’d’/’p’/’t’/’c’/’k’/’ck’
or can be soft like ‘l’/’f’/’ph’/’s’

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38
Q

assonance

A

repetition of a vowel sound within a sentence
can be long vowels like ‘ah’ or ‘ee’ or ‘oo’
or can be short vowels like ‘a’ or ‘e’, ‘i’, ‘o’, ‘u’

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39
Q

stanza

A

what poems are divided into (like paragraphs, but in poetry)

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40
Q

free verse

A

where there’s no clear pattern in terms of how many lines per stanza

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41
Q

block-form

A

where the whole poem is just one stanza

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42
Q

couplets

A

where each stanza is two lines long

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43
Q

tercets

A

where each stanza is three lines long

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44
Q

quatrains

A

where each stanza is four lines long

45
Q

pentains

A

where each stanza is five lines long

46
Q

sestet

A

where you have a stanza of six lines

47
Q

octet

A

where you have a stanza of eight lines

48
Q

sonnet

A

A poem of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter with a regular rhyme scheme

49
Q

Elizabethan sonnet

A

A type of sonnet featuring alternating rhyme in the first three quatrains, followed by a rhyming couplet: ABAB CDCD EFEF GG

50
Q

Petrarchan sonnet

A

A type of sonnet featuring arch rhyme for the first two quatrains, followed by various rhyming patterns in the remaining six lines: e.g. ABBA CDDC EFG EFG

51
Q

blank verse

A

A type of verse, but without any rhyming lines

52
Q

rhymed verse

A

A type of verse with one/more rhymed lines

53
Q

irregular rhyme

A

Where there’s no obvious rhyming pattern

54
Q

regular rhyme

A

Where there is an obvious pattern to the rhyme

55
Q

rhyming couplet

A

Two lines of verse, often rhymed to suggest harmony or a sense of completion

56
Q

alternating rhyme

A

When the first and third lines rhyme, and the second and fourth lines rhyme: e.g. ABAB

57
Q

arch-rhyme

A

When the first and fourth lines rhyme and the second and third lines rhyme: e.g. ABBA

58
Q

half-rhyme

A

When the rhyme words sort of rhyme, but not perfectly e.g. love/prove

59
Q

ballad rhyme

A

When a poem is written in quatrains, and the first and third line don’t rhyme but the second and fourth lines do e.g. ABCB

60
Q

iambic pentameter

A

A line of 10 syllables with five stressed beats e.g. di-DUM-di-DUM-di-DUM-di DUM-di-DUM

61
Q

iambic tetrameter

A

A line of 8 syllables with four stressed beats e.g. di-DUM-di-DUM-di-DUM-di DUM

62
Q

hypermetric lines

A

when most of the lines have the same number of syllables, but one or two lines have more - those lines are hypermetric

63
Q

catalectic lines

A

when most of the lines have the same number of syllables, but one or two lines have fewer - those lines are catalectic

64
Q

enjambment

A

when a sentence starts on one line and runs onto the next line with no punctuation at the end of the line to stop it

65
Q

end-stopping

A

when there is punctuation at the end of the line

66
Q

caesura

A

when there’s punctuation somewhere in the middle of a line

67
Q

juxtaposition

A

placing two things together for effect

68
Q

antithesis

A

placing two opposite/contrasting things or ideas together for effect

69
Q

oxymoron/paradox

A

placing two impossible things together for effect

70
Q

complex sentences

A

sentences with more than one clause; clauses are often separated by commas, hyphens, or brackets

71
Q

compound sentences

A

longer sentences featuring connectives such as and/but/so/for/or/nor/yet/so/ because/although etc.

72
Q

simple sentences

A

sentences with a subject, a verb, and sometimes an object; tend to be short

73
Q

fragments

A

grammatically incomplete sentences; they might be missing a verb or might only contain a verb e.g. My only love! / e.g. Come! / e.g. Now!

74
Q

repetition

A

repetition of the same word/phrase

75
Q

asyndetic listing

A

listing without connectives e.g. bread, milk, cheese, rice, eggs

76
Q

syndetic listing

A

listing with connectives e.g. bread and milk and cheese and rice and eggs

77
Q

parallel sentences

A

Sentences that have a similar structure but slightly different words e.g. I have a vision, I have a purpose, I have a dream.

78
Q

Cliche

A

An over-used, common expression

79
Q

Didactic

A

Text instructs the reader or delivers a moral message

80
Q

Disjunction

A

A conjunction (e.g. FANBOYS) that dramatically interrupts the rhythm of the sentence.

81
Q

Ellipsis

A

A dramatic pause (…) creates tension & suggests words can’t be spoken

82
Q

Euphemism

A

Mild expression used to replace a harsh one

83
Q

Form

A

Purpose and features of a text influence its structure

84
Q

Fractured/truncated sentences

A

Incomplete sentences used in dialogue, or to increase tension.

85
Q

Icon

A

A single person, object or image that represents complex ideas and feelings.

86
Q

Intertextuality/allusion

A

A text makes reference to other texts. May be explicit, implied or inferred

87
Q

Irony

A

Gap between what is said and what is meant

88
Q

Levels of language usage

A
  1. Slang
  2. Colloquial
  3. Informal
  4. Formal
89
Q

Linear

A

Narrative structure is sequential and in chronological order

90
Q

Modality

A

Force words are delivered at.

91
Q

High modality

A

Forceful

92
Q

Low modality

A

Gentle

93
Q

Non-linear

A

Non-sequential narrative, events do not occur in chronological order

94
Q

Onomatopoeia

A

Word that echoes the sound it represents. Reader hears what is happening

95
Q

Parody

A

Imitation for satiric purpose

96
Q

First person POV

A
  • Personal
  • Subjective
  • Limited to one perspective
  • Pronouns ‘I’ and ‘we’
97
Q
A
98
Q

Second person POV

A
  • Instructional
  • Develops connection with reader
  • Pronoun ‘you’
99
Q

Third person POV

A
  • Omniscient
  • Distances characters and author
  • Multiple perspectives
  • Pronouns ‘she’ ‘he’ ‘they’ ‘it’
100
Q

Representation

A

Conveying meaning through textual features

101
Q

Satire

A

Ridicules in a scornful & humorous way

102
Q

Setting

A

Location - internal and external

103
Q

Symbolism

A

Object represents one or more (often complex) ideas

104
Q

Syntax

A

Sentence structure, length and flow of words

105
Q

Tense

A

Past, present, future

106
Q

Theme

A

Message or moral that makes us ponder bigger issues in life

107
Q

Tone

A

Composer or character’s fellings conveyed by word choice

108
Q

Lexical chain

A

Words used in similar context/similar ideas

109
Q
A

English Advanced (5 decks)

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