Language + Region Flashcards

Question

Multicultural London English (MLE)

Answer 1

Emerged from immigrant groups in London Based on the Cockney accent, but has a few differences Users gain covert prestige Features: ‘innit’ ‘You get me’ ‘ting’ for thing Glottal stops ‘wagwan’ Prescriptivist refer to it as slang

Answer 2

Rhotic They use non-standard grammatical forms (e.g., give it me, I were happy) Different pronunciation of vowel sounds

Answer 3

- researched the perception people have of the RP and Birmingham accents by using the matched-guise technique on the topic of capital punishment. - he studied 2 groups of 17-year-olds and found the RP speaker was rated higher in terms of competence and intelligence. CRITICISMS: - some may have not had an opinion but were forced to give one. - may have answered with what they thought they should, not their own opinion.

Answer 4

MARTHA'S VINEYARD USA: > FISHERMAN and LOCALS typically of the ages 31-45 formed a CLOSE KNIT SOCIAL GROUP > Specifically made an EFFORT to distance themselves from NEW ENGLAND NORMS and the language of TOURISTS > Labov focused on DIPHTHONGS 'AW' and 'AY' > INTERVIEWED a number of DIFFERENT PEOPLE across the ISLAND in order to CONSOLIDATE this > FISHERMEN used the EXAGGERATION of vernacular vowels and EXAGGERATED the DIPHTHONGS tending within their speech which became DESIRABLE and REPRESENTED OLD VALUES

Answer 5

> Studied people of a LOWER SOCIOECONOMIC status > Analysed the use of DROPPING 'ING' and found it was most PREDOMINANTLY ADOPTED by the WORKING CLASS rather than the middle class > Found that TOWNS AND CITIES are more LIKELY TO ADOPT VARIANCE IN LANGUAGE and accents compared to rural areas > LESS LOCALISED FEATURE in RURAL AREAS due to GEOGRAPHICAL DIFFUSION and DIALECT LEVELLING > Found that CLASS is MORE OF A DETERMINER than GENDER in terms of USE OF NON-STANDARD ENGLISH although WOMEN in ALL SOCIAL CLASSES are MORE LIKELY TO USE OVERT PRESTIGE and RP FORM > Found that MEN used MORE FREQUENT NON-STANDARD FORM but SAID they USED IT MORE THAN THEY ACTUALLY DID

Answer 6

> BELFAST STUDY > Investigated THREE WORKING-CLASS COMMUNITIES with HIGH RATES OF UNEMPLOYMENT > Investigated a CORRELATION between INTEGRATION of INDIVIDUALS IN A COMMUNITY and the WAY THOSE INDIVIDUALS SPEAK and found that MEN WITH NON-STANDARD FORMS of speech BELONGED to TIGHT-KNIT SOCIAL NETWORKS > WOMEN'S SPEECH featured less NON-STANDARD FORMS as they were NOT PART OF THESE NETWORKS > However, this is not always the case as in SOME TOWNS, the PATTERN was REVERSED due to SOCIAL PRESSURES in COMMUNITY and WOMEN WORKING TOGETHER > DENSE MULTIPLE NETWORK exerting PRESSURE on MEMBERS to be LINGUISTICALLY HOMOGENOUS

Answer 7

> An increase in SOCIAL MOBILITY in the SECOND HALF of the 20th CENTURY has led to DOWNGRADING of RP and STANDARD ENGLISH > INCREASE in REGIONAL ACCENTS > Examined the LEXICAL and GRAMMATICAL DIFFUSION of TH-FRONTING amongst ADOLESCENTS in LONDON and EDINBURGH LONDON - TH-FRONTING ALREADY well ESATABLISHED EDINBURGH - TH-FRONTING relatively NEW PHENOMENON Causes of GEOGRAPHICAL DIFFERENCES: > DECREASE in RURAL EMPLOYMENT > CONSTRUCTIONS of SUBURBS > GREATER SOCIAL MOBILITY > INTERACTION OF PEOPLE OF SOCIAL VARIETIES

Answer 8

> Analysed ADOLESCENT LANGUAGE in her 'JOCKS VS BURNOUTS' study in the DETROIT AREA > People's SPEECH closely RESEMBLES that of their SOCIAL GROUP > BURNOUTS EXAGGERATE PRONUNCIATIONS ASSOCIATED with URBAN DETROIT AREA > JOCKS SPOKE IN A SOCIALLY PRESTIGIOUS WAY > JOCKS CRITICAL OF UNGRAMMATICAL LANGUAGE > BURNOUTS CRITICAL OF SOUNDING LIKE THEIR PARENTS

Answer 9

CODE-SWITCHING: > STUDIED LANGUAGE in BRADFORD and LONDON > PARTICIPANTS DISCUSSED LANGUAGE USE BRADFORD - Created SOCIAL IDENTITY different to PARENTS and ELDERS LONDON - They used their LANGUAGE to SET THEMSELVES APART from other AREAS and LEXIS is INFLUENCED by a WIDE RANGE

Answer 10

CONVERGENCE - the PROCESS where PEOPLE tend to adopt to SUIT the OTHER PERSON'S COMMUNICATION CHARACTERISTICS to REDUCE SOCIAL DIFFERENCES DIVERGENCE - The PROCESS of using INDIVIDUAL EMPHASIS on SOCIAL DIFFERENCES and NON-VERBAL DIFFERENCES between the INTERACTANTS

Answer 11

'th' is being replaced with ‘f' or 'v (th fronting) due to geographical and social mobility this has spread from London

Answer 12

Investigated the variation of speech among teenage girls in Bolton, particularly around the non-standard use of were (Northwest England). Region, social backgrounds, housing areas and social groups impacted their use of language. DISCOVERIES: Teenage girls used it to signal their localness to their area It reflected class and where the girl’s parents came from (if one parent was born and raised in Boston, they were more likely to use it) Social practices and networks influenced the use of it - more rebellious groups were more likely to use it Good theory: many factors, modern and up to date

Answer 13

Liverpool is a ‘dilectal island’ (maybe because of a strong identity)

Language + Region Flashcards

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