Language of Pathophysiology

Question 1

The study that concerns the causative factors in a particular disease.

Answer 1

Etiology

Question 2

When etiological factors cause a disease to be present at birth, this is called…

Answer 2

congenital

Question 3

When etiological factors cause a disease to surface later in life (after birth), this is called…

Answer 3

acquired

Question 4

When the cause of disease is unknown, it is termed…

Answer 4

idiopathic

Question 5

When a treatment, procedure, or error may cause a disease, it is described as…

Answer 5

iatrogenic

Question 6

Risk factors a.k.a. ______ indicate a risk for a disease

Answer 6

predisposing factors

Question 7

A ____ is a condition that triggers an acute episode, such as a seizure in an individual with seizure disorder

Answer 7

precipitating factor

Question 8

Primary Prevention involves:

Answer 8

• remove risk factors (e.g. avoid consuming high levels of cholesterol and saturated fats in prevention of CHD)
• vaccination, safety equipment

Question 9

Secondary Prevention involves:

Answer 9

-detect disease early when it’s still asymptomatic and treatment measures can effect a cure or stop it from progressing

Question 10

Tertiary Prevention involves:

Answer 10

-clinical intervention to prevent further deterioration or reduce the complications of disease once it has been diagnosed

Question 11

The term denoting the sequence of cellular and tissue events that take place from the time of initial contact with an etiological agent until the ultimate expression of disease:

Answer 11

pathogenesis

Question 12

When the onset of disease is gradual with vague or mild signs, this is said to be:

Answer 12

insidious

Question 13

A short term illness that develops quickly with marked signs and symptoms is termed:

Answer 13

acute

Question 14

A milder condition which develops gradually, pesists for a long period of time, usually causes more permanent tissue damage and is marked by intermittent acute episode.

Answer 14

chronic disease

Question 15

The manifestations of a disease subside during a(n) ____ and increase during a(n) _____

Answer 15

remission; exaceberation

Question 16

The term denoting conditions where pathological changes occur, but no obvious manifstations are exhibited by the patient, perhaps because of great reserve capacity of an organ.

Answer 16

subclinical state

Question 17

The initial latent or silent stage between exposure to a microorganism and the onset of signs and symptoms:

Answer 17

incubation period

Question 18

The time in the early development of disease when body is undergoing changes but signs are non specific (e.g. fatigue, loss of appetite, headache)

Answer 18

prodromal period

Question 19

The stage of disease when signs and symptoms appear

Answer 19

actue/clinical stage

Question 20

When an individual harbours an organism but does not have an active infection, and can transmit infection to others, this is the ___ stage

Answer 20

convalescent or carrier

Question 21

A collection of signs and symptoms, often affecting more than one organ, that usually occur together in response to a certain condition is a….

Answer 21

syndrome

Question 22

___ describe the potential unwanted outcomes of the primary condition, such as paralysis following recovery from a stroke

Answer 22

sequelae

Question 23

___ or ____ is the period of recovery and return to the normal health state, it may last for several days or months

Answer 23

convalescence; rehabilitation

Question 24

____ indicates the disease rates within a group. It is sometimes used to indicate the functional impairment that certain conditions such as stroke cause within a population

Answer 24

morbidity

Question 25

What are disease “cases”?

Answer 25

can be either an existing case or newly diagnosed case within a given period

Question 26

What is disease “incidence”?

Answer 26

reflects the number of new cases arising in a population at risk within a stated time period (reported as rates – e.g. per 100,000)

Question 27

What is disease “prevalence”?

Answer 27

refers to the number of new and old or existing cases within a specific population and time period

Question 28

___ occur when there are higher than expected number of cases of an infectious disease within a given area, and ___ involve higher number in many regions of the globe

Answer 28

epidemics; pandemics

Question 29

Define hemodynamic

Answer 29

the study of the forces involved in circulating blood throughout the body