language of anatomy Flashcards
• Subject’s body standing upright; head level with eyes facing observer; arms at the sides with palms forward; and feet flat on the floor.
anatomical position
to the left of the subject’s body
left
to the right of the subject’s body
right
toward the head’s end; upper part of a structure; above or higher
Superior
away from the head end; toward the lower part of a structure
Inferior
at the front of the body or in front
Anterior/Ventral
at the backside of the body or behind
Posterior/Dorsal
towards or at the midline of the body; inner side of the body
Medial
away from the midline of the body; outer side of the body
Lateral
close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Proximal
farther to the origin of a body part or point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Distal
toward or at the body surface
Superficial
away from the body surface; more internal
Deep
skull & face
Head
supports head & attaches it to trunk
Neck
ear
otic
nose
nasal
mouth
oral
neck
cervical
head
cephalic
forehead
frontal
eye cavity
orbital
cheek
buccal
chin
mental
back of head
occipital
chest, abdomen, pelvis
trunk
attached to the trunk; consists of the shoulder, armpit, arm, forearm, wrists, and hand
upper limb
point of shoulder
acromial
armpit
axillary
breast
mamary
arm
brachial
front of elbow
antecubital
abdomen
abdominal
forearm
antebrachial
wrist
carpal
palm
palmar
finger
digital
larynx
sternal
chest
pectoral
navel
umbilical
groin
inguinal
hip
coxal
reproductive organs
genital
spinal column
vertebral
back
dorsum
elbow
cubital
lower back
lumbar
between hips
sacral
anus
perineal
attached to the trunk; consists of the buttocks, thigh, leg, ankle, and foot
lower limb
front of knee
patellar
leg
crural
instep
tarsal
toe
digital(lower)
foot
pedal
an imaginary flat surface that separates two portions of the body or an organ
plane
or “coronal plane” or “frontal/coronal section” is a cut made along the body that divides it into anterior & posterior parts
frontal plane
“horizontal plane” or “transverse section” is a cut made along the body that divides it into superior & inferior parts.
transverse plane
literally a cut with any type of angle other than a horizontal or vertical angle.
Oblique plane
an off-center vertical plane that divides a portion of a body into right and left sides.
parasagittal plane
generally, “sagittal plane” or “sagittal section” is a vertical plane in the center of the body that divides the body or an organ into right and left sides.
midsagittal plane
a plane along the long axis of an organ
longitudinal section
a plane perpendicular to the long axis of an organ
cross section
a diagonal plane
Oblique section
are spaces within the body that contain, protect, separate, and support internal organs
Cavities
contains the central nervous system, & consists of the cranial cavity and the vertebral or spinal cavity. No wall or boundary separates its subdivisions.
dorsal cavity
contains the thoracic cavity and the abdomino-pelvic cavity which are both separated by the diaphragm. Organs inside these cavities are called viscera
ventral cavity
organs inside the thoracic cavity and the abdomino-pelvic cavity
viscera
or the chest cavity contains two smaller cavities; the pericardial cavity that surrounds the heard, and the pleural cavities surrounding each lung.
Thoracic Cavity
largest division of the abdomino-pelvic cavity. It contains the stomach, spleen, liver, gall bladder, small and large intestines.
Abdominal Cavity
is located inferior to the abdominal cavity. It contains the urinary bladder, portions of the large intestine and internal organs of the reproductive system.
Pelvic Cavity
the abdomen is divided into four quadrants by a transverse plane and a midsagittal plane that cross at the umbilicus
quadrants
the four quadrants
right upper quadrant (RUQ)
left upper quadrant (LUQ)
right lower quadrant (RLQ)
left lower quadrant (LLQ)
the abdomen is divided intro nine regions by two transverse planes and two sagittal planes
regions
the 9 regions
Right hypochondriac region Epigastric region Left hypochondriac region Right lumbar region Umbilical region Left lumbar region Right iliac region Hypogastric region Left iliac region
Carbon
6 protons, 6 neutrons, 6 electrons
Oxygen
8 protons, 8 neutrons, 8 electrons
Chlorine
17 protons, 18 neutrons, 17 electrons
cavity that surrounds the heart
pericardial cavity
cavities that surround the lungs
pleural cavities
buttocks
gluteal
thigh
femoral
back of knee
popliteal
calf
sural
sole
plantar
