Language & Occupation Flashcards
Occupations develop their own ____ feature and use ____ language features in a ____ way.
Occupations develop their own SPECIAL LANGUAGE feature and use COMMON language features in a DISTINCITIVE way.
Occupations are a ____ of language change.
Occupations are a SOURCE of language change.
attitudes in language may be causes of change in way occupations work.
- a ____ that ____ individual enterprise against teamwork
attitudes in language may be causes of change in way occupations work.
- a PYRAMID that BALANCES individual enterprise against teamwork
It is in the ____ of some ____ to make ____ ____ ___ have a ___ character so that it fits a ____. Others may need more ____.
It is in the NATURE of some OCCUPATIONS to make EVERY LANGUAGE INTERACTION have a FORMAL character so that it fits a SYSTEM. Others may need more FLEXIBILITY.
Influenced by ____. HSBC claimed in a ____ ____ ___ to be sensitive to the different ways people do ___ around the word calling itself “the word’s ___ ___.” Innovators or management consultants may claim to solve the ___ of some occupational groups by importing ways of ___/___/___ from some other occupation.
Influenced by CULTURE. HSBC claimed in a 2002 ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN to be sensitive to the different ways people do BUSINESS around the word calling itself “the word’s LOCAL BANK.” Innovators or management consultants may claim to solve the ALLEGED PROBLEMS of some occupational groups by importing ways of WORKING/SPEAKING/WRITING from some other occupation.
general functions:
- ___ information
- requesting ___
- ____ arrangements
- ____ employees or colleagues to do something
- ____ ____ happen or ____ them.
general functions:
- COMMUNICATING information
- requesting HELP
- CONFIRMING arrangements
- INSTRUCTING employees or colleagues to do something
- MAKING THINGS happen or ENACTING them.
language interactions may occur ___ or ___ those within a given occupation, or between those ____ / those ____ e.g. customers/ ___/ general ____.)
This distinction will affect significantly a ____ (or ___) ____ choices.
language interactions may occur BETWEEN or AMONG those within a given occupation, or between those INSIDE / those OUTSIDE e.g. customers/ CLIENTS/ general PUBLIC.)
This distinction will affect significantly a SPEAKER’S (or WRITER’S) LANGUAGE choices.
some uses are ___; shut people out who don’t know them.
e.g. doctors share common ___.
some uses are EXCLUSIVE; shut people out who don’t know them.
e.g. doctors share common LEXICON.
Name 2 words they share…
ECG/ CATSCAN/ myordical infection
It is ____ to outsiders and meant ____.
It is OPAQUE to outsiders and meant TO BE.
more people are aware of this medical lexicon thanks to ___ e.g. ___.
more people are aware of this medical lexicon thanks to TV DRAMA e.g. ER/ CASUALTY.
some occupations are notorious for promoting ___ (newly-invented words/compounds.) May be used for ___ or ___ within organisation rather than for ____ ____.
some occupations are notorious for promoting NEOLOGISMS(newly-invented words/compounds.) May be used for INDIVIDUAL ADVANCEMENT or COMPETITION within organisation rather than for LINGUISTIC EFFICIENCY.
speech interactions reveal ____
-consider ___ attitudes to these.
speech interactions reveal HIERARCHIES
-consider CHANGING attitudes to these.
Do not assume that great explicit ___ is shown to those of ____ status. Often the ___ is true
- in school, senior managers will address cleaners as “Mr” or “Mrs” and use ___ ___ for teachers.
Do not assume that great explicit COURTESY is shown to those of HIGHER status. Often the REVERSE is true
- in school, senior managers will address cleaners as “Mr” or “Mrs” and use FIRST NAME for teachers.
- addressing someone by ____
- UK independent (public) schools normally do this- creates ___ or even ____
- addressing someone by SURNAME
- UK independent (public) schools normally do this- creates CLOSENESS or even FRIENDSHIP
Phatic Tokens- ways of showing ___ by ___ comments to oneself, to the other, or to general or ___ situation (in England usually it’s the ____.)
Phatic Tokens- ways of showing STATUS by ORIENTING comments to oneself, to the other, or to general or PREVAILING situation (in England usually it’s the WEATHER.)
Those of higher status will display invest in ___/ personal ___ of those of a lower status.
- ___rarely happens
Those of higher status will display interest in WORK/ personal LIVES of those of a lower status.
- REVERSE rarely happens
Special lexicon (special lexis meanings)
- a vocabulary that is ____ to the occupation generally or more ___ to the particular solicitors’ practice, ship or school. That is, there will be.
- forms used only in the ___
- forms in the common ___ but used with meanings which are special to the occupation.
Special lexicon (special lexis meanings)
- a vocabulary that is SPECIFIC to the occupation generally or more NARROWLY to the particular solicitors’ practice, ship or school. That is, there will be.
+ forms used only in the OCCUPATION
+ forms in the common LEXICON but used with meanings which are special to the occupation.
