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Functional Anatomy > Language, heart, blood vessels and blood > Flashcards

Language, heart, blood vessels and blood Flashcards

1
Q

What is the anatomical position?

A

The standing position with the body facing forward, feet parallel and palms facing forward.

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2
Q

The standing position wit

A

front of the body

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3
Q

What is the posterior?

A

back of the body

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4
Q

What is the lateral?

A

away from the middle of the body

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5
Q

What is the medial?

A

close to the middle of the body

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6
Q

What is the proximal?

A

closest to the main part of the body

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7
Q

What is the distal?

A

the further the way it is from the body

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8
Q

What is the superior?

A

higher/closer to the head

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9
Q

What is the inferior?

A

closer to the feet

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10
Q

What is the peripheral?

A

close to the surface of the body

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11
Q

What is the deep?

A

further away from the surface of the body

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12
Q

What does it mean by supine?

A

laying face up

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13
Q

What does it mean by prone?

A

laying face down

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14
Q

What is the cardiac muscle called that the heart is made up of?

A

myocardium

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15
Q

What is the function of coronary arteries?

A

they are blood vessels that supply blood with oxygen and nutrients and they remove waste products.

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16
Q

What is the function of the valves?

A

ensure blood flows in the right direction

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17
Q

Valves are consisted of cusps. What are the cusps called?

A

chordae tendious

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18
Q

What is the function of the chordae tendious?

A

keep valves in place and prevent cusps being forced back into the atrium.

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19
Q

What are the 3 main valves?

A

-tricuspid
-bicuspid
-semilunar

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20
Q

What is the function of the tricuspid valve?

A

opens up to allow blood to flow from the RA to RV, in one direction

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21
Q

What is the function of the bicuspid valve?

A

opens to allow blood to flow from the LA to the LV, in one direction

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22
Q

What is the function of the semilunar valve?

A

takes blood away to prevent back flow

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23
Q

What are the 4 main blood vessels?

A

-aorta
-super vena cava &(inferior vena cava)
-pulmonary vein
-pulmonary artery

24
Q

What is the function of the aorta?

A

carries oxygenated blood out of the LV of the body

25
Q

What is the function of the super vena cava?

A

returns deoxygenated blood to the RA from the head and upper body

26
Q

What is the function of the inferior vena cava?

A

it returns deoxygenated blood from the RA from the lower body

27
Q

What is the function of the pulmonary vein?

A

carries oxygenated blood from lungs to the LA

28
Q

What is the function of the pulmonary artery?

A

carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the lungs

29
Q

What is blood carried through?

A

blood vessels

30
Q

What are the 5 types of blood vessels?

A

-arteries
-arterioles
-capillaries
-venuoles
-veins

31
Q

What are arterioles?

A

little arteries

32
Q

What are arteries?

A

large blood vessels that leave the heart

33
Q

Describe arteries

A

-they have thick, muscular walls that contract and relax to send blood to the body

-the walls contain elastic cartilage and smooth muscle to allow the vessel to expand and contract smoothly.

34
Q

What is peristalish?

A

when the vessel expands and contacts smoothly to all parts of the body

35
Q

Why don’t arteries contain valves?

A

they don’t carry deoxygenated blood apart from the pulmonary artery that carries deoxygenated blood away form the heart.

36
Q

Describe capillaries

A

-one cell thick
-thin walls for diffusion
-oxygen and nutrients can diffuse in
-waste products can flow out

37
Q

What do capillaries feed back into?

A

venuoles, smallest type of veins.

38
Q

Describe venuoles/veins

A

-thinner and less muscular than arteries
-carry blood back to the heart
-contain valves to prevent back flow

39
Q

What is the blood?

A

blood is the medium that all cells are carried to transport nutrients and oxygen to the cells of the body

40
Q

What are the 4 components that cells are made up of?

A

-red blood cells (erythrocytes)
-white blood cells (leucocytes)
-platelets (thrombocytes)
-plasma

41
Q
A
42
Q

Why is blood a thick liquid substance?

A

because it is made up of 55% plasma and 45% solids

43
Q

Why are red blood cells (erythrocytes) red?

A

because of a protein called haemoglobin

44
Q

What is the role of red blood cells?

A

to transport oxygen to the cells

45
Q

What is the role of white blood cells?

A

to fight infections as they are part of the body’s immune system.

46
Q

What are platelets?

A

parts off cells

47
Q

How do white blood cells fight off infections?

A

they destroy bacteria and other dangerous organisms to remove disease from the body.

48
Q

How do platelets act?

A

by stopping blood loss through clotting.

49
Q

Why do platelets become sticky?

A

when they are in contact with the air to form the initial stage of repair to damaged tissue.

50
Q

What substance do platelets need to enable them to clot?

A

factor 8

51
Q

What is a haemophiliac?

A

a person whose blood does not clot; this is because they are short of factor 8 which enables platelets to become active

52
Q

What is the lymphatic system?

A

it is part of the cardiovascular system and consists of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes.

53
Q

What is a plasma and its function?

A

the liquid part of the blood which is the solution in which all solids are carried

54
Q

What does the lymphatic system do?

A

collects fluids from the body’s tissues that are not reabsorbed in the blood and it also fights infections

55
Q

What is the fluid circulating through the lymphatic system called?

A

lymph
it is a pale yellow liquid that contains lymphocytes

56
Q

What is the main function of lymph nodes?

A

to deal with any infection arriving via the lymphatics.

Functional Anatomy (1 decks)

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