Language first module Flashcards
Displacement
Example-Last night, At the mall
Human can talk about past, future time, place, people
Arbitariness
no logical connection between the form and signal and what it means
Iconicity
semblance between the sign and meaning
onomatopoeia
-Arf arf, ring ring
language mirroring, echoing the sound
Productivity
Human language that is evolving
duality (double articulation)
organized at two levels to combine a pool
cultural transmission
we do not inherit language, it is acquired to the culture we are exposed to
Spoken language
time
100,000 to 50,000 years ago
written language
5,000 years ago
tower of babel
divine source theory
imitation of natural sound in the environment
Natural sound theory (Bow wow)
Sounds in physical effort
YO HE HO Theory
Distinct physical features adopt to support speech production
Physical adaptation source
In africa, before language
KIntu a thing
in africa upon learning language
muntu
Particullar form of words and speech used by a group of people of a society, country, area, or The method of communcation using spoken or written words
Term language
Language has ______ function and ________
function.
social and emotional
language is more than _______
Communication
All communication has similar feature, human can claim__________ __________
Exclusive features
capabilities to comprehend and produce language, language is not limited to what is said and heard
MACRO SKILLS IN LANGUAGE
Five macro skills
Listening
Reading
Speaking
Writing
Viewing
oral skills?
speaking and listening
literacy skills
Writing and Reading
Receptive skills
Reading, listening
Productive skills?
writing and speaking
Modes of linguistic communication
Oral
Writing
Signing
What are the micro skills
Pronounciation, grammar, vocabulary, spelling
Primary mode of human language
Speaking
Cave to carve walls, pictogram to invent writing
Writing
Visible gestures to communicate
Signing
ASL- facial and body gestures
American sign language
knowledge and skill in actual communication
Communicative competence
what one knows about the language and use
knowledge
how well one can perform in actual communiation
Skill
Father of modern linguistics
nom chomsky (1928)
He used grammatical competence for teaching learning and testing language
Noam chomsky 1928
Broadened competence to include social and cultural context
DELL HYMES (1927-2009)
Coined by dell hymes
communicative competence
Four competence areas
-Deals with grammar pronounciation vocabulary spelling punctuation
Linguistic
Advance level of language competency concerned with culture and social rules, politeness, addresing people correctly and being politically correct
Sociolinguistic
Four competence areas
-Patterns of organization
Discourse
Four competence areas
-Modifying message with regard to the audience and purpose
Strategic
Science of language
Linguistics
Historical focus of language _________
recently focussed in other aspects
Grammar
Speech sounds
Phonethics
Phonology
Patterns
Structure of words
Morphology
structure of sentences
syntax
Literal meaning
semantics
meaning in context
Pragnantics
language and society
Sociolinguistics
Language and literature
Stylistics
Language and the brain
Phsycholinguistics
Language in use
applied linguistics
Spoken and written language in programming
Computational linguistics
Similar and dissimilar of common origin
comparative linguistics
Evolution and history of language
Historical linguistics
