Language Development and aquisition Flashcards
1
Q
Language Aquisition
A
children learn a language much like they learn to tie their shoes or how to count; through repetition and reinforcement
https://www.continentalpress.com/blog/language-acquisition-stages-ells/
2
Q
Theories of language development
A
- Nativist/Innatist perspective (Chomsky)
- Behavioral perspective (Skinner)
- Social Interactionist Theory (Vygotsky)
- Cognitive perspective (Piaget)
3
Q
Nativist/Innatist perspective (Chomsky)
A
Language development perspective that states children are born with the ability to learn language
4
Q
universal grammar
A
- developed by Chomsky
- a hard-wired set of principles and rules that govern grammar in all languages
- consistent with the fact that the UNDERLYING STRUCTURE of the world’s languages is fundamentally similar
5
Q
social interactionist theory
A
- This theory focuses on language structures and the relationship between humans that necessitate the use of language.
- Language is not an innate ability, rather it develops in your interaction with your environment.
6
Q
cognitive theory
A
- A theory that emphasizes cognition and mental processes as facilitating language.
- Language is a mental ability
7
Q
stages of language 1st aquisition
A
- pre-talking
- babbling
- holophrastic
- two-word
- telegraphic
- multi-word
8
Q
Behaviorism perspective
A
- Language can be something that is observed and measured
- behavior can be learned or unlearned, and learning is a result of stimulus and response actions
- operant conditioning: learning is defined as changes in behavior as a result of experiences that occur after a response.
9
Q
pre-talking stage
A
- This stage takes place from birth to around six months of age.
- During this time, the child does not speak but is beginning to understand short words and phrases that are central to their needs and interests.
10
Q
babbling stage
A
- occurs from around six to eight months old.
- In this phase, the infant begins to “make noises and syllables that are not yet words.
- Physically, teeth begin to appear and the muscles in the mouth required for speech begin to develop.
11
Q
holophrastic stage
A
- occurring between nine and eighteen months old.
- During this phase, the infant begins to learn and speak single words.
- In the beginning, these words are strongly centered around basic needs and interests as well as names or identifiers like “mama” and “dada.”
12
Q
holophrastic stage
A
- occurring between nine and eighteen months old.
- During this phase, the infant begins to learn and speak single words.
- In the beginning, these words are strongly centered around basic needs and interests as well as names or identifiers like “mama” and “dada.”
13
Q
two-word stage
A
- This stage takes place from eighteen to twenty-four months old.
- Once children have developed single-word speech, they begin to pair groups of words together into mini-sentences and phrases like “I want” or “give me.”
14
Q
telegraphic stage
A
- takes place from two to three years old.
- Over time, children begin to expand their two-word phrases into short sentences.
- They also begin to utilize lexical morphemes to make the words they use to fit the sentence.
- For example, they understand to use the plural “boys” instead of “boy” when referring to a group of boys.
15
Q
multiword stage
A
- Past the age of three, most children fall into this stage
- In this final stage of language acquisition, children now learn to use functional morphemes to change the meaning of the words they use.
- Examples include the words but, in, the, and that.
16
Q
the stages of second language acquisition
A
- pre-production
- early production
- speech emergence
- fluency
