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Peds Quiz 2 Material > Language Development > Flashcards

Language Development Flashcards

1
Q

Identify five kinds of communication (there are 7)

A 
written words
speech
crying
facial expression
body language
sign
gestures
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2
Q

What is language? How is it used?

A

1) Language is a complex and dynamic system of conventional symbols.
2) It is used in various modes for thoughts and communication.

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3
Q

What is phonology?

A

the sound system of language.

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4
Q

What is a phoneme?

A

an individual sound

i.e. “bed” has three phonemes: “buh,” “eh” and “duh”

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5
Q

What is morphology the study of?

A

word structure
Morphology can include alterations that change meaning. For instance, dog has a specific meaning to us, and adding an “s” to the end tells us you mean more than one dog.

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6
Q

What does syntactic refer to?

A

word order

For instance, in English we say “my sister’s house” but in Spanish you say “the house of my sister”

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7
Q

What is meant by semantics?

A

Semantics refers to the meaning of words and includes:

  • the understanding that individual words AND combined words have meaning
  • an understanding of figurative language, i.e. “throwing a party”
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8
Q

What are pragmatics? Give 3 examples.

A

Pragmatics are the rules and conventions we use for talking. For instance:

  • taking turns in a conversation
  • giving certain expected responses
  • keeping the conversation on track
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9
Q

Name the five parameters of language

A

The structure of language includes
PHONOLOGY
MORPHOLOGY
SYNTAX

The meaning of language includes SEMANTICS

The pragmatics of language includes PRAGMATICS (go figure)

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10
Q

Is language rooted in biology?

Does it evolve with any other aspect of development?

A

Yes! Language has a biological basis.

Yes! It evolves along with cognitive, psychosocial, and motor development.

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11
Q

Name three tenets of the “psycholinguistic theory” of language development.

A
  1. Language is universal among humans.
  2. Humans are pre-wired for language.
  3. Children are born with a language acquisition device (LAD).
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12
Q

Name two aspects of the “sociolinguistic model” of language development.

A
  1. Individual motivation and the social / communicative roles of language are responsible for what we say and how we say it.
  2. Children learn to communicate through the responses of their caregivers.
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13
Q

Six stages of communication development. Go!

A
  1. pre-intentional
  2. pre-linguistic intentional stage
  3. first words
  4. two-word stage
  5. early syntactic-semantic complexity
  6. later syntactic-semantic complexity
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14
Q

Stage 1: pre-intentional stage.
What age?
What’s involved?
How many “sub” stages?

A

0-8 months
The child smiles, vocalizes, cries and touches. The adult responds as if these behaviors are intentional.
There are three “sub stages”: early pre-intentional, mid pre-intentional, and later pre-intentional.

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15
Q

early pre-intentional stage

What age? Name 6 things the child does.

A 
0-3 months
The child: 
- startles to sound
- responds to sound and tone of voice
- gazes at caregiver
- cries and makes pleasure sounds
- smiles
- vocalizes with vowel sounds
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16
Q

mid pre-intentional stage

What age? Name at least 5 things the child does.

A 
4-6 months
The child:
- STARTS RECOGNIZING some words
- LISTENS to caregivers talking
- RESPONDS to name
- SMILES at person speaking to him/her
- IMITATES tones and sounds
- VOCALIZES pleasure and displeasure
- BABBLES strings of sounds and "m" and b" sounds
17
Q

later pre-intentional stage

What age? Name at least 5 things the child does.

A 
7-8 months
The child: 
- listens selectively
- recognizes more words
- looks at objects mother looks at
- "plays" vocally
- points
- imitates gesture and tone of adults (echolalia)
- leading toward saying "bye bye"
18
Q

What age is the emergence of intentional communication seen in children? What does the child do?

A 
8-12 months
The child:
- communicates intentionally, using gestures, vocalizations and eventually words
- follows some directions
- plays peek-a-boo
- uses one or more words
19
Q

Name some beginning sounds heard in the 12-18 month age range

A

p, b, d, m, t

Please Baby Do More Talking!

20
Q

How many words at 1?
How many words at 2?
What else happens at 2?
(according to Kate’s info, not powerpoint)

A

10 words at 1
20 words at 2
Child puts two words together at 2

21
Q

Five aspects of language development at 12-18 months.

A

The child:

  • UNDERSTANDS / USES language in daily life.
  • CAN GET OBJECT when asked (*if object is in view)
  • COMPLETES SIMPLE DEMANDS (give a hug or kiss)
  • will understand 50 words before producing 10 words.
  • will know 3 words by 12 months, 15 words by 15 months, 100-150 words by 18 months.
  • acquires the basic building blocks of language from 12-14 months.
22
Q

What amazing thing happens during the period from 18-24 months? Name three aspects of language development during this time.

A

Look out! It’s the vocabulary explosion!
The child:
- understands what you mean even if the object is not present, i.e., “go get your shoes”
- understands and responds to “who, what, where” questions
- has a receptive vocabulary of 150-500 words - way ahead of expressive vocab.

23
Q

What happens from 2 - 3 1/2 years? Name five things.

A

Children:

  • produce phrases
  • understand sentence structure / morphology (i.e. pluralization / tenses)
  • respond to yes/no (2)
  • can follow 2-step commands (3)
  • have receptive vocal of 300-1,000 words
  • use pronouns (my, your, hers) but may still confuse them
  • begin using the word “and”
24
Q

Name three aspects of the connection between thought and language.

A
  • Cognition is sometimes measured in language.
  • Children understand more than they can express.
  • Some thought is dependent upon (and can be limited by) language.
25
Q 
Ages 3 1/2 - 7 years: BIG TALKERS! 
Name two things kids this age can do. 
How many words in a child's receptive vocabulary at 42-48 months? 
What happens around 4? 
What happens by 7?
A

Children:

  • use complex sentences to talk about things
  • understand locational / temporal relationships (behind, in front of, before, after)
  • Children 42-48 months have a receptive vocabulary of 1,000-3,000 words.
  • Around 4, kids can follow 3-step-commands.
  • By 7, all consonants are produced except “thr” and the child can sustain conversation with turn-taking
26
Q

Three aspects of the connection between language and problem-solving ability

A
  1. Overt speech helps by focusing a child’s attention and also through repetition / rehearsal of adult guidance
  2. Researchers found that children verbalize during difficult tasks, AND that children who verbalize more were often more successful in problem solving
  3. Vygotsky said that in older children and adults, inner speech serves many of same functions.
27
Q

What is a speech / articulation disorder?

A

An articulation disorder:
difficulty producing sounds in syllables, or saying words incorrectly; may be a problem with pacing (i.e. tongue-thrust, or mouth and lips that don’t close properly in speech)

Fluency disorders can include:

  • stuttering
  • repetition
  • slurring
  • prolonging sounds/ syllables

Resonance / voice disorders refer to problems with pitch, volume, or quality of voice

28
Q

Four reasons OTs need to know about speech and language

A
  1. to make appropriate referrals for ST evals
  2. to better understand apraxia (ST word; we call it dyspraxia)
  3. so we can be sure our communication is developmentally on target (i.e. one step vs. two step, picture schedule, etc.)
  4. Because sometimes have overlapping goals with ST, i.e. goals for feeding are OT, and goals for articulation are ST, but these use the same body structures
29
Q 
Define: 
phonology
phenomes
morphology
syntax
semantics
pragmatics
speech disorders
language disorders
AAC (augmentative/alternative communication)
A

I will fill these in another time - or you can!

Peds Quiz 2 Material (3 decks)

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