language change Flashcards

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1
Q

diachronic change

A

the historical development of languages

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2
Q

synchronic change

A

language change at a particular moment in time

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3
Q

phonological change

A

change in sound

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4
Q

grammatical change

A

change in the rules of language

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5
Q

lexical change

A

change in words

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6
Q

orthographical change

A

change in spelling

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7
Q

semantic change

A

change in meaning

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8
Q

standardisation

A

making everything the same

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9
Q

etymology

A

root of a word and where it comes from (history)

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10
Q

external factors

A

invasion/war
borrow words from other languages

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11
Q

internal factors

A

mixing tribes/displacement
teenagers/technology/social media
adapt existing words

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12
Q

neologism/coinage

A

new words
usually due to synchronic change
“widget”

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13
Q

borrowing/loan words

A

taken from other languages
“futon” (japanese)

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14
Q

compounding

A

making two words one
“handheld”

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15
Q

clipping

A

shortening by removing part of the word
“omnibus” -> “bus”

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16
Q

blending

A

merging two words
“motor” + “pedal” -> moped

17
Q

acronym

A

taking the first letter of each word for a proper noun
“NATO”

18
Q

initialism

A

taking the first letter of each word in a phrase
“MP3” “IWALY”

19
Q

affixation

A

adding affixes onto an existing word
changes function/meaning
“healthy” “unhealthy”

20
Q

conversion/functional shift

A

change meaning/function over time
“google”
1. search engine
2. verb for searching something up

21
Q

eponym

A

named after the person who created it
“sandwich”

22
Q

back formation

A

changes from a verb to a noun
forming backwards
“locate” “location”