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PRAXIS II: Language Arts > Language Arts > Flashcards

Language Arts Flashcards

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1
Q

Fable

A

A story that uses animals or plants to provide a moral lesson. Animals given human characteristics

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2
Q

Fantasy

A

Involves an invented world, like Middle Earth in Lord of the Rings

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3
Q

Fairy Tales

A

Type of folk tale that contains elements of magic or magical beings, such as a fairy or dragon.

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4
Q

Folk Tales

A

Traditional story that can date back many centuries, passed down orally

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5
Q

Legend

A

Although based on historical event, story is ficitional, doesn’t contain magic

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6
Q

Mystery

A

Stories where the characters attempt to find information. Discovery at climax

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7
Q

Novel

A

Long fictional narrative

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8
Q

Round Character

A

3-Dimension, well developed, may contain contradictions. Growth through the story.

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9
Q

Flat Character

A

1-Dimension. Sterotypical, symbolic. Simple characters

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10
Q

Tone

A

Mood or attitude conveyed in the writing

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11
Q

Situational Irony

A

Incongruity between what is expected to happen and what actually occurs.

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12
Q

Point of View

A

The person who is telling the story

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13
Q

First Person Narrator

A

Tells the story from his or her own point of view using “ I “

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14
Q

Second Person Point of View

A

The writer uses the pronoun “you”, and the reader becomes a character in the story, thinking the thoughts and performing the actions of the main character.

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15
Q

Third Person Narrator

A

Uses he, she, and they. Knows everything about the characters and tells us what the characters think and feel.

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16
Q

Satire

A

Form of comedy in which the writer exposes and ridicules someone or something in order to inspire change.

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17
Q

Verbal Irony

A

Intended meaning is the opposite of the expressed meaning.

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18
Q

Diction

A

Specific language the writer uses to describe people, places, and things.

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19
Q

Main Idea

A

Why the writer thinks the story is important enough to tell

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20
Q

Lyrical Poem

A

Short, emotional poems that personal from a single speaker

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21
Q

Imaginistic Poem

A

Aims to capture a moment and help us experience that moment sensually (through our senses)

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22
Q

Arguementative Poem

A

Poem explores an idea (such as love or valor)

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23
Q

Elegy

A

Poem that laments the loss of someone or something.

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24
Q

Ode

A

Celebrates a person, place, thing, or event

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25
Q

Exact Rhymes

A

Share the same last syllables (the last consonant and vowel combination)
cat, hat; laugh, staff

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26
Q

Half Rhymes

A

Final consonant

cat, hot; adamant, government

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27
Q

Eye Rhymes

A

look like a rhyme

bough, through

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28
Q

Alliteration

A

Repetition of sounds

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29
Q

Assonance

A

The repetition of vowel sounds within a sentence or phrase to create an internal rhyme.

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30
Q

Emotive Poem

A

Aims to capture a mood or emotion to make readers feel that mood or emotion

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31
Q

Perspective

A

The narrators attitude throughout the story.

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32
Q

Myth

A

Includes a god or hero to explain a phenomenon

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33
Q

Adventure

A

Fiction provides a great deal of action (often violence)

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34
Q

Meter

A

Number of syllables in a line and how the stress falls on those syllables.

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35
Q

Iambic meter

A

Stress falls on every other syllable. dah-dum, dah-dum

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36
Q

Foot

A

Each drum beat (dah-dum)

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37
Q

Stanza

A

Poetic paragraph

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38
Q

Line Breaks and Stanzas

A
  1. Call attention to the words at the end of each line

2. Set aside each group of words as a distinct idea

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39
Q

Rhymed and Meter/Blank Verse

A

Lines must follow a rhyme scheme or metrical patter, or both.

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40
Q

Sonnet

A

14 lines, in iambic pentameter (5 feet per line)

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41
Q

Quatrains

A

Stanza of 4 lines

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42
Q

Couplet

A

Pair of rhyming lines

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43
Q

Shakespearian Sonnet

A
  • 3 quatrains

- Ends with a couplet

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44
Q

Ballad

A

Poem that tells a story and is meant to be sung

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45
Q

Blank/Metered verse

A

Only meter, no rhyme

Set number of syllables Example, haiku

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46
Q

Limerick

A

5 line poem with rhyme scheme aabba

47
Q

Haiku

A

5,7,3 syllables (unrhymed)

48
Q

Free verse

A

No rhyme or meter requirements

49
Q

Primary Source

A

Directly from the witness of event.

- Autobiographies, diaries, and personal letters

50
Q

Newspapers

A

Cover who,what,when,where, and how in first paragraph

51
Q

Contributing Cause

A

Factor that helps to make something happen but can’t make it happen by itself

52
Q

Sufficient Cause

A

An event by itself is strong enough to make the event happen

53
Q

Problem and Solution

A

Presents an issue at the beginning of the text then attempts to resolve it throughout the text

54
Q

Emerging Readers

A

Students encountering print in an early development stage

55
Q

Alphabetic Principle

A

Letters represent the sounds of a language and can be used systematically

56
Q

Direct Instruction

A

Straightforward method of passing information from a teacher to a student

57
Q

Scaffolding

A

Teachers initially provide the reading assistance, and then gradually shift the responsibility of the learning to the students

58
Q

Shared Reading

A

Involves students reading along while an expert reads fluently.

59
Q

Shared Writing

A

Composition of a text created by the teacher and the students. The teacher generally writes the story while the students piece together the students’ ideas.

60
Q

Sight Words

A

Words that students should be able to recognize as soon as the student sees them in print.

61
Q

Metacognition

A

Think about how the text affects them directly

62
Q

Text innovation

A

Rewrite text so that the readability level is low enough for the struggling reader

63
Q

Phonology

A

System of sounds in a language

64
Q

Phoneme

A

Single sounds, 44 phonemes

65
Q

Sound Segmentation

A

Students to separate the sounds in word by speaking each of the sound separately in the order in which they appear in the word

66
Q

Syllable

A

Has at least one vowel sound

67
Q

Syllabication

A

Splitting a word into syllabels

68
Q

Independent Reader

A

Accuracy rate 95% to 100%

69
Q

Instructional reader

A

Accuracy rate 90% to 95%

70
Q

Frustrational reader

A

Accuracy below 90%

71
Q

K-W-L Chart

A

Know
Want to learn
Learned from reading

72
Q

Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review (SQ3R)

A

Survey the text by reading titles, subtitles, pictures, and skimming text
Questions that students want answered about the text
Read the text
Recite the text by students writing summaries
Review by remembering key phrases

73
Q

Subject

A

Person, place, or thing in a sentence performing the action

74
Q

Predicate

A

The action that is being done by the subject in the sentence

75
Q

Complete predicate

A

“Watches the sunrise from her porch”

76
Q

Simple predicate

A

The main verb, ex. “watches”

77
Q

Singular and Plural Verbs

A

A verb takes on an s if the subject that is doing the event is singular. If the subject is plural, the verb does not have the s.

78
Q

Personal Pronouns

A

Chase grabbed the microphone and gave it to me.

She ran the marathon in under 4 hours.

79
Q

Possessive Pronouns

A

Jack read his book in a week.

Mine is the fastest computer in the class.

80
Q

Prepositions

A

Words that express the relationship in time or space between words in a sentence. Ex. in, on, around, above, below, between

81
Q

Dependent Clauses

A

Part of a sentence that has it’s own subject and verb, but cannot stand by themselves as a sentence

82
Q

Independent Clauses

A

Part of a sentence that has it’s own subject and verb, but can stand by themselves as a sentence

83
Q

Participial phrase

A

Short descriptive phrase at the beginning of a sentence.

ex. Howling at the moon, Rover sat alone in his master’s yard.

84
Q

Prepositional Phrase

A

Short phrase that helps describe a verb or adjective within a sentence

ex. The book with the yellow cover was written by my uncle.

85
Q

Appositive Phrase

A

Short phrase that modifies a noun or pronoun using other nouns.

ex. My brother’s car, a beautiful green convertible, was damaged by the recent storm.

86
Q

Subject Verb Agreement

A

Singular nouns take singular verbs

Plural nouns take plural verbs

87
Q

Pronoun agreement

A

Singular nouns take singular pronouns

Plural nouns take plural pronouns

88
Q

Whose

A

Belonging to whom

89
Q

Who’s

A

who is or who has

90
Q

Who

A

refers to people

91
Q

Incomplete Vebs

A

-ing verb without a helping verb (is, has, has been, was, had, had been)

92
Q

Subjunctive Mood

A

Verb expresses something that is imagined, wished for, or contrary to fact.

ex. If I were a millionaire

93
Q

Participle

A

Word that is usually associated as a verb but is used as an adjective and modify a noun.

ex. Crying baby

94
Q

Infinite

A

to be
to fall
to live

95
Q

Paragraph

A

A group of sentences about the same idea

96
Q

Simple Sentence

A

One independent clause and no dependent clauses.

97
Q

Compound Sentence

A

Combines multiple independent clauses in a sentence, but has no dependent clauses.

98
Q

Complex Sentence

A

One independent clause and at least one dependent clause

99
Q

Compound Complex Sentence

A

Combines multiple independent clauses in a sentence and at least one dependent clause

100
Q

Declarative Sentence

A

Declares something, ends with a period

101
Q

Imperative Sentence

A

Gives a command, ends with period or exclamation point

102
Q

Orthography

A

Proper way to use a written system of language, including proper spelling.

103
Q

Morphology

A

Structure of words and their parts, including morphemes

104
Q

Morphemes

A

Smallest sound with meaning

105
Q

Semantics

A

Specific meaning, or meanings, of a words in a written language.

106
Q

Idiom

A

Word or group of words that cannot be interpreted literally

107
Q

Style

A

the overall manner of writing, including sentence structure and the level of formality, which is managed through word choice.

108
Q

Picture writing/drawing

A

Students express their thoughts via drawing and pictures (no words or letters)

109
Q

Scribble Writing

A

Children begin to draw recognizable shapes and have verbal stories to go with them

110
Q

Random Letter

A

Students begin to string letters together with their pictures. Words undecipherable

111
Q

Invested Spelling

A

Use letters to match sounds. may only use the beginning letter to represent a word

112
Q

Phonetic Stage

A

Write words with the correct beginning and ending sounds

113
Q

Transitional Stage

A

Write words based on the way they sound

Stories they write are a few sentences long and may include punctuation.

114
Q

Conventional Writing

A

Spell words correctly, using phonetics for longer words, using punctuation.

PRAXIS II: Language Arts (1 decks)

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