LANGUAGE AND THE BRAIN Flashcards
gunpowder exploded
____ foot rod
____ cheek and
out from the top of his
head
Phineas Gage
Sept. 1848
Accident:
gunpowder exploded
three and a half foot rod
upper left cheek and
out from the top of his
head
The ____ is the most complex
organ of the body: _____ nerve
cells (___) and billions of ___
that interconnect them.
The brain is the most complex
organ of the body: 10 billion nerve cells (neurons) and billions of fibers that interconnect them.
decision-making organ of the body– receives messages from all sensory organs and initiates all voluntary actions
CORTEX
The most important parts are
in areas _____ the ____ ___.
The most important parts are
in areas above the left ear.
Who reported about the Broca’s Area?
Paul Broca
What is Broca’s Area
anterior speech cortex
related to extreme difficulty in
producing speech.
Broca’s area
Paul Broca
a French
surgeon, who reported in 1860s that
damage to this part of the brain was
related to extreme difficulty in
producing speech.
What cortex is Wernicke’s area
posterior speech cortex
Who is Carl Wernicke
a German
doctor, who reported in the 1870s
that damage to this part of the brain was related to speech
comprehension difficulties.
this part of the brain was related to speech comprehension difficulties
Wernicke’s area
Close to Broca’s are is the part of the
_____ that controls the
articulatory muscles of the face, jaw,
tongue, and larynx.
Close to Broca’s area is the part of the motor cortex that controls the
articulatory muscles of the face, jaw,
tongue, and larynx.
To speak a word that is written,
the information reaches the
primary ______ cortex, is then
transmitted to _____
where it is processed into “stuff
to speak”, proceeds to
______ and is transmitted
to the primary motor cortex to
“tell the mouth to start
speaking”.
To speak a word that is written,
the information reaches the
primary visual cortex, is then
transmitted to Wernicke’s area
where it is processed into “stuff
to speak”, proceeds to
Broca’s area and is transmitted
to the primary motor cortex to
“tell the mouth to start
speaking”.
To speak a word that is heard,
the information gets to the
primary ___ complex,
is transmitted to
______, where it is
interpreted, travels to
_____, and finally
proceeds to the primary
motor cortex.
To speak a word that is heard,
the information gets to the
primary auditory complex,
is transmitted to
Wernicke’s area, where it is
interpreted, travels to
Broca’s area, and finally
proceeds to the primary
motor cortex.
This refers to an inability to
comprehend or formulate
language because of damage
to specific brain regions.
Aphasia
Symptoms of Aphasia
Trouble speaking clearly
Trouble understanding speech
Trouble writing clearly
Trouble understanding written words
Trouble remembering words
Trouble remembering object names
Also called non-fluent aphasia, people with this kind of
aphasia have partial loss of their language ability, have
difficulty speaking fluently and their speech may be limited a
few words at a time.
Broca’s aphasia
Also called fluent aphasia, people with this kind of aphasia
have trouble with speech comprehension. They can’t produce
meaningful or coherent sentences; usually say nonsensical
sentences.
Wernicke’s aphasia
People with this type of aphasia can’t find the right words
they want to use, like trying to come up with the correct noun
or verb. They get around by using fillers like “stuff” or “thing”.
Anomic Aphasia
This is the most severe form of aphasia. People cannot speak
many words and sometimes don’t understand speech. They
cannot read or write. Usually, it happens for a short period
following a brain injury or stroke, then moves to a different
type of aphasia as brain health improves.
Global Aphasia
This is a form of dementia where people lose the ability to
speak, write, and read over time. It is a gradual loss of
language, moving from subtle to severe when in advance
stages.
Primary
Progressive
Aphasia
A central question
of linguistics is–
how
we acquire
knowledge of
language as
children.
Learning a language is
human beings’ unique
____ to living in
groups and is closely tied
to the ____ of the
human brain.
Learning a language is
human beings’ unique
adaptation to living in
groups and is closely tied
to the evolution of the
human brain.
The language samples that
adults provide to their children
Input
Speech adults use when talking to babies
Caregiver speech
Caregiver speech have;
Exaggerated Intonation
Frequent Use of Questions
Extra Loudness
Slower Tempo
