Language and social class

Question 1

Basil Bernstein
Linguistic codes

Answer 1

restricted code - used by working class, informal language, restricted variation of vocabulary.
elaborated code - used by middle class, formal, variation of vocabulary and less predictable.

Question 2

Peter Trudgill

Answer 2

Peter trudgills (1974) Norwich study looked at the pronunciation of the words ‘walking’ and ‘talking’. Trudgill was looking for the non-standard formes ‘walkin’ and ‘talkin’ (this is called g dropping.

He also looked at the use of the ‘-s’ in verbs like ‘he goes to school’ and the non-standard ‘he go to school’

Question 3

Bourdieu

Answer 3

Bourdieu argued that each class has its own cultural framework, or set of norms, values, and ideas which he calls the habitus.