Language And Power Flashcards
Teacher and student quotes
“First you need to concentrate (.) yes (.) now…”
“Now look did we not go over this yesterday?”
Donald Trump and Sean Hannity quotes
“For you or for me”- Trumps words
“So the fact is er we really we’re really rocking”- Trumps words
“Frustrating” “disappointing”- Hannity
What is initiation response feedback?
3 patterns of discussion between the teacher and learner
- teacher initiates, learner responds, teacher gives feedback
Who put forward IRF theory?
Coulthard and Sinclair
Who theorised face theory?
Brown and Levinson
What is face?
Public self-image of which we expect others to be aware of
What is positive face?
The desire to be connected, liked, accepted e.g greetings, compliments
What is negative face?
desire to be independent and avoid being imposed upon e.g apologies, mitigating devices
Who suggests there’s three readings for a media text in 1973?
Stuart Hall
What are the three readings by Stuart Hall?
Dominant reading- audience accepts and interprets in the way the producer intended
Negotiated readings- audience understands what text is trying to achieve but don’t relate
Oppositional readings- audience rejects text due to beliefs or experiences
What is audience positioning?
Assumptions made in a text about its readers background knowledge, understanding, attitudes etc in order to guide them towards an interpretation
WaterAid charity appeal quotes
“Will kill fourteen hundred children”
Repetition of “will”
“Imagine your child drinking dirty water knowing the next sip could kill them”
What is the context of the WaterAid charity appeal?
P-Get people to donate
L- TV
A- anyone/ specifically parents
T- charity appeal
Army quotes
“Young knights of the sky- British army compared to “blindly obedient”
“Eliminate” and “suppress”- British compared to “destroy” and “kill”
Boris Johnson Covid-19 speech
“Invisible mugger”
“Beginning to turn the tide”
Boris Johnson and Eddie Mair quotes
“Let me ask you about a barefaced lie”- Mair
“The times let you go after you made up a quote (.) why did you make up a quote”- Mair
Who holds power in the BJ and EM interview and what is it an example of?
Mair holds personal power
Face threatening act
Paxman and Galloway quotes
“If you ask me that question again, I’m going. I warn you now”- Galloway
“Mr Galloway, are you proud of having got rid of one of the very few black women in parliament”- Paxman
Who has the power in the Paxman and Galloway interview?
Shared power, Paxman at the start then Galloway by the end
WHO theorised the deficit model in 1975?
Robin Lakoff
What does Lakoff believe?
Women’s language is weak and lacking in power
What are some examples of the deficit model?
Hedging
More tag questions
Empty adjectives
Speak less frequently
Overuse qualifiers
Apologise more
More modal verbs
Who theorised that powerless language is not a gendered concept?
O’Barr and Atkins
What else do O’Barr and Atkins say?
Women are generally in a powerless position in society and therefore powerless language has just become associated with women
Cardi B and Joe Biden quotes
“What’s your main interest, in terms of this election?” -Biden
“I got four kids, five grandkids”- Biden
“So Joe, i head you got some questions for me”- Cardi
What is the purpose of the Cardi b interview?
Cardi wants a change and Biden wants people to vote for him
What happens in the interview with Cardi B and Biden?
Cardi B holds social group and personal power and talks for most of it
Biden holds it at the start
What is Tannens Difference model?
Men and women’s speech is different but equal- reflection of social stereotypes women are more cooperative speakers and sensitive to ‘face wants’ of others
What is Report (info)
=men- language they have has more “airtime”, speak asymmetrically
Purpose of language to gain power
What is Rapport (relationship)?
=women- language is more long-winded, speak symmetrically, speak in private
Purpose of language to build relationship
Examples of Tannens difference models
Men Vs women:
Status Vs support
Independence Vs intimacy
Advice Vs understanding
Information Vs feelings
Orders Vs proposals
Conflict Vs compromise
