Language and occupation Flashcards
Norman Fairclough
Instrumental power and influential power
What is instrumental power
-Imposed by a higher authority
-Sets a clear expectation that people will follow
What is influential power
-Tries to make people behave in a certain way
-No penalty for not following
Normalisation
Formal voice representing a corporate company
Discourse/Features of primary school teachers
-Overt praise and politetness strategies
-Simplified lexis
-Repetition
-Interrogatives
Sinclair and Coulthard
-IRF (Initiation, Response and Feedback)
-3 part conversation exchange
O’Connor and Michael
When teachers include the student’s response in the subsequent discourse
Mary Budd Rowe
When teachers ask a student a question, they typically wait 1 second for them to answer. After they stop, they begin the reaction
What is exclusive language
Enable people to be a part of a discourse community giving a form of overt prestige
Homes and Stubbe
‘Communities of practice’- groups that regularly engage with each other and share a joint enterprise so are then able to communicate
Bernard Spolsky
Establish bonds between members of an in-group and enforce boundaries for outsiders
David Mellinkoff
The words of the law are the law
What are John Swale’s 6 characteristics for a discourse community
- Broadly agreed set of common public goals
2.Mechanisms of intercommunication among its members
3.Participatory mechanisms to provide information and feedback
4.Utilizes one or more genres in the communication
5.Specific lexis
6.Threshold level of members with a suitable degree of relevant content and discoursal expertise
Drew and Heritage
Identified some key differences between everyday conversation and talk at work
Eric Fringinal 2009
Researched the discourse in calls between a Philippines based call centre serving American customers
-Second person pronouns
-Specialised technical terms
-Present tense
-Politeness markers
