Language and learning development

Question 1

Behaviourist theory

Answer 1

Learning happens as a result of operant conditioning.

Behaviour is based solely on environmental conditioning.

Effort to communicate is usually rewarded.

Question 2

Limitations of behaviourist theory of learning

Answer 2

Disregards the activity of the mind.

Assumes every word must be linked to some sort of reinforcement which it does not.

Does not explain how children pick up new language patterns even though there was no reinforcement- seen with grammatical errors.

Question 3

Nativist theory

Answer 3

Biomedically based theory that states that each individual has the innate capacity to learn language and implement grammar.

This is acquired through the ‘language acquisition device’ (LAD)

LAD is developed through environmental changes but there is a universal grammatical mechanism shared.

Research with primates showed that it is unique to humans as primates show no grammatical structure.

Question 4

Limitations of the Nativist theory

Answer 4

There is no evidence that shows the specific region in which the LAD is located in the brain.

Understanding of grammar is not just switched on suddenly- grammar can be developed.

Question 5

Interactionist theory

Answer 5

Most viable theory of learning and language that states that language is learned by a combination of:

Innate capacity
Rich linguistic and social environment
One’s desire to connect with others
Reinforcement of effforts

Question 6

Motherese

Answer 6

Simplified adult speech used to communicate with infant/children.

Makes it easier for children to learn new words and allows language deviced to be broken down .

Methods include:
Repetition
Exaggeration
Using only present tense
Using simpler terminology

Question 7

Methods of improving doctor-child communication

Answer 7

Using shorter sentences

Avoiding complex words

Using more pauses

Using parents as a resource to communicate with the child.

Using repetition

Using intonation.