Language and Gender and Class in the US

Question 1

Gendered Speech Styles

Answer 1

Women have more standard pronunciations than men
Women tend to style shift to the formal variant more quickly than men
Women tend to use ing rather than in

Question 2

Covert prestige

Answer 2

rejecting the standard in favor of non-standard pronunciations or grammar

Question 3

Hedge Words

Answer 3

signal uncertainty about the validity of a statement

perhaps, sort of, i think, etc

Question 4

Linguistic Dominance

Answer 4

speech styles that connote weakness, hesitancy, and unwillingness to commit to a position and this allows others to deny them positions of power

Question 5

Cultural Difference

Answer 5

When rules for friendly interaction are being learned through gender segregation or separate culture groups with different rules

Question 6

Linguistic Insecurity

Answer 6

where there are two language varieties and one is seen as incorrect and the other as proper

Question 7

Tag questions

Answer 7

A question tag or tag question is a grammatical structure in which a declarative statement or an imperative is turned into a question by adding an interrogative fragment (the “tag”). For example, in the sentence “You’re John, aren’t you?”,

Question 8

Topic introduction and control

Answer 8

?

Question 9

Lexical Asymmetries

Answer 9

Its when a word that is used to describe a mans position has positive connotations, but the equivalent word for a woman has negative ones

Question 10

Macha

Answer 10

Feeling of being in charge, hard, nobody mess with me mentality, tough, bitchy