language and gender

Question 1

Definition of sex

Answer 1

Biological differences between males and females

Question 2

Definition of gender

Answer 2

The differences in behaviour and roles- result of societal expectations

Question 3

What is the socialisation process?

Answer 3

Individuals behaviours are contained and shaped

Question 4

What does heteronormativity mean?

Answer 4

Set of norms and values based on heterosexuality

Question 5

What is the meaning of androcentric?

Answer 5

Built in bias towards men

Question 6

What does history tell us about gender?

Answer 6

Women were viewed as weaker and more prone to emotions and men were expected to be tougher and stronger

Question 7

Have things changed much through time?

Answer 7

Yes and no
Women nowadays have more freedom and exposure. Phrases are still said to this day such as ‘only girls cry’ and ‘man up’ suggesting men are still in favour

Question 8

Tautology meaning

Answer 8

Labelling things in a manly way

Question 9

What roles does social media play in perpetuating gender?

Answer 9

-Magazines showing the perfect representation of males and females
-Families showing their family life, often women looking after children
-Photoshopping, leads to insecurity and negative comments

Question 10

Thorne and Henley (1975)

Answer 10

-Explored interruptions between men and women who KNEW EACH-OTHER WELL

found men interrupted more than women and was regarded as a universal trait

Question 11

Zimmerman and West (1975)

Answer 11

-Reported 11 convosations between men and women

found men had 46 interruptions and women 2

Question 12

Geoffrey Beattie (1982)

Answer 12

-Found that men and women interrupted with morealess equal frequency

men (34.1) and women (33.8)

Question 13

Jennifer Coats (1980)

Answer 13

-Men will reject a topic of convosation introduced by women while women will accept them when men start them

Question 14

Who challenges Lakeoff

Answer 14

William O’Barr and Bowman Atkins
Pamela Fishman

Question 15

What is verbal hygine?

Answer 15

Focuses on pressures placed on women to conform to linguistic norms
Women to ‘clean up’ or improve language usage

Question 16

What did Deborah Cameron explore?

Answer 16

Verbal hygiene
Challenges myths and stereotypes associated with gendered language
Encourages more inclusive and empowering approach

Question 17

‘This girl can’ campaign

Answer 17

Makes girls more confident in themselves
encouraging girls to be able and confident enough to do whatever they want

Doesn’t target a whole audience of people, women may feel differently towards this campaign

Question 18

What did Dale Spender study?

Answer 18

Wrote a book
Argued that our social world is described using language biased against women
Beliefs rely on that men have more power than women