Language And Gender Flashcards
Androcentric
Centred on, emphasising, or dominated by males or masculine interests: an androcentric society; an androcentric religion
Covert Prestige
Status and prestige gained from using a non-standard variety of English.
Gender
Behavioural characteristics brought by a socialisation process and cultural influences.
Gender Exclusive Language
When the male pronoun is applied to an unspecified individual.
Gender Inclusive Language
When both male and female pronoun are used to an unspecified individual. (Eg “if anyone would like to apply, he or she may do so inside”)
Genderlect
The particular language used by men and women according to their gender.
Gender-neutral terms
Words or phrases that avoid bias towards a particular gender.
Gender Paradox
The phenomenon that women use more prestigious standard forms of English than men but that they also lead language change by adopting new forms of everyday English.
Hegemonic Masculinity
Behaviours and language associated with the idealised male group that is seen as having the most power and status in society.
To hold the conversational floor
To speak until the speaker is either finished with what they have to say or are interrupted.
Hypercorrection
The use of higher-status variants in formal styles by lower-status groups in a linguistics community, more frequently than the higher status group.
Lexical Asymmetry
A power imbalance between two apparently matched terms.
Linguistic Determination
Representation of gender creates stereotypes.
Linguistic Reflectionism
Representations of gender reflect stereotypes.
(a) Karen
A pejorative slang term for an obnoxious, angry, entitled, and often racist middle-aged white woman who uses her privilege to get her way or police other people’s behaviours.
Marked Terms
The non-standard form of a term, often shown by an additional suffix.
Material Verb Process
Verbs associated with actions and doing.
Mental Verb Process
Verbs associated with thinking and feeling or perception.
Overt Marking
Marking a word through a modifier or affix.
Overt Prestige
Status and prestige gained by speakers using the “standard” or “correct” way of speaking.
Performativity
The ability to use speech and other methods of communication to construct or perform an identity.
Reclamation
The cultural process of removing negative associations with a particular term that has been used by a dominant group against a specific, less powerful social group.
Sex
The biological difference between men and women.
Social Constructivism
When importance is placed on social interaction as constructing identity and people coming together to form a shared construction of the world.
Unmarked Terms
The regular or usual form of the term.
Uptalk
Where declarative statements end in a raising intonation.
Vocal Fry
A vocal effect produced by slow vibration of the vocal chords; characterised by a creaking sound or low pitch.
Valley Girl
The colloquial dialect associated with Californian English, specifically the stereotype of adolescent or younger women who use this.
