Language Acquisition: Vocabulary Flashcards
‘made up’ words that a child may use to represent a word they may not yet be able to pronounce eg blankie for blanket.
Proto words
How difficult a word is to say
Articulatory ease
words characterised by a repeated syllable, ie moo moo.
Reduplication
process of swapping one sound for another, that is easier to pronounce, ie wode instead of road
Substitution
one consonant or vowel is swapped for another., ie hambag instead of handbag
Assimilation
refers to leaving out a particular sound (often at the end).
Deletion
reducing phonologically more complex units into simpler ones, ie fink instead of think.
Consonant cluster reductions
when a child uses a more specific word to label a more general noun ie using the word Daddy for all men.
Overextension
is when a child tries to make links between different objects, ie all spherical objects might be called a ball.
Analogical overextension
is when a child refers to all objects within the same category the same name, ie all outerwear a dress.
Categorical overextension
is when a child uses a more general word to describe a specific thing. Ie apple might be used only to describe green apples not red ones.
under extension
Words used in reference to large groups, ie gems, fruit, animals,
Hypernym
words used in reference to more specific things within a category ie banana, apple pear
Hyponym
units of meaning within a word that depend on other morphemes to make sense ie -est
Bound morphemes
units of meaning within a word that do not depend on other morphemes to make sense ie light
Unbound or free morphemes
the average utterance length of speakers. It is a broad way of exploring a participant’s input & can be linked to discussions of dominance.
MLU mean length of utterance
the ability to form accurate & understandable utterances, using grammar & understand the social context for them.
Communicative competence
the ways in which communication occurs that doesn’t involve words..a crucial tool in developing spoken language.
Non-verbal communications
important in the sense that children acquire some sounds before others; these sounds present more articulatory ease. When a child first uses language, reduplication
Phonological (sounds) development
The specific way a caregiver talks to a child.
Child Directed Speech (CDS)
statement & mini question ie Our test isn’t today; is it?
tag questions
providing the answer as well as the question
known answer questions
a command is disguised in the form of a question ie shall we get you bathed then?
Mitigated imperatives
The importance of politeness features within CDS to instill learned behaviours: some examples: Use of the word please, Asking for permission, Not shouting, Avoidance of taboo language.
Pragmatics (use of language in social contexts)
