language acquisition

Question 1

innate

Answer 1

determined by factors present from birth

Question 2

language acquisition

Answer 2

the process by which children acquire the lexicon and grammatical rules of their native language.

Question 3

innateness hypothesis

Answer 3

a hypothesis that humans are genetically predisposed to learn and use language.

Question 4

imitation theory

Answer 4

theory of language acquisition that claims that children acquire language by listening to the speech around them and reproducing what they hear.

Question 5

reinforcement theory

Answer 5

theory of language acquisition that says that children learn to speak like adults because they are praised , rewarded, or otherwise reinforced when they use the right forms and are corrected when they use the wrong ones.

Question 6

active construction of a grammar theory

Answer 6

theory of language acquisition that says that children acquire a language by inventing rules of grammar based on the speech around them.

Question 7

connectionist theories

Answer 7

theory of language acquisition that claims that children learn language through neural connections in the brain.

Question 8

social interaction theory

Answer 8

theory of language acquisition that claims that children acquire language through social interaction.

Question 9

linguistic universals

Answer 9

property believed to be held in common by all natural languages.

Question 10

universal grammar

Answer 10

the theory that posits a set of grammatical characteristics shared by all natural languages.

Question 11

critical period

Answer 11

age span, usually described as lasting from birth to the onset of puberty, during which children must have exposure to language and must build that critical brain structures necessary in order to gain native speaker competence in a language.

Question 12

neglected children

Answer 12

a child who is neglected by caretakers, often resulting in significantly lower exposure to langue as a child.

Question 13

feral children

Answer 13

child who grew up in the wild without care by human adults, often with animals.

Question 14

homesign

Answer 14

a rudimentary visual-gestural communication system that is developed and sued by deaf children and their families when a signed language is not made available for their communication.

Question 15

imitation theory

Answer 15

children acquire language by listening to the speech around them and reproducing what they hear.

Question 16

reinforcement theory

Answer 16

children learn to speak like adults because they are praised , rewarded, or otherwise reinforced when they use the right forms and are corrected when they use the wrong ones.

Question 17

active construction of a grammar theory

Answer 17

children acquire a language by inventing rules of grammar based on the speech around them.

Question 18

connectionist theory

Answer 18

children learn language through neural connections in the brain.

Question 19

social interaction theory

Answer 19

children acquire language through social interaction.

Question 20

child-directed speech

Answer 20

speech used by parents or caregivers when communicating with young children or infants.

Question 21

identifying letter sounds

Answer 21

is recognizing upper and lower case letters and identifying appropriate sounds for each letter symbol.

Question 22

physiological

Answer 22

relating to the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.

Question 23

sound perception

Answer 23

the perception of sound as a meaningful phenomenon

Question 24

sound production

Answer 24

a periodic disturbance in the pressure or density of a fluid or in the elastic strain of a solid, produced by a vibrating object.

Question 25

high amplitude sucking

Answer 25

experimental technique used to study sound discrimination in infants from birth to about six months.

Question 26

conditioned head-turn procedure

Answer 26

experimental technique usually used with infants between five and eighteen months with two phases, conditioning and testing.

Question 27

voice onset time

Answer 27

the length of time between the release of a consonant and the onset of voiced, that is, when the vocal folds start to vibrate.

Question 28

producing sounds

Answer 28

a periodic disturbance in the pressure or density of a fluid or in the elastic strain of a solid, produced by a vibrating object.

Question 29

articulatory gestures

Answer 29

a movement of a speech organ in the production of speech, for example, the movement of the velum for the production of nasal consonant.

Question 30

babble

Answer 30

a phase in child language acquisition during which the child produces meaningful sequences of consonants and vowels.

Question 31

repeated babbling

Answer 31

the continuous repetition of sequences of vowels and consonants like mamama by infants.

Question 32

phonological acquisition

Answer 32

acquiring an understanding of the relationship between a phoneme and its allophones and the conditioning environment in which the allophone appears.

Question 33

variegated babbling

Answer 33

production of meaningless consonant-vowel sequences by infants.

Question 34

canonical babbling

Answer 34

the continuous repetition of sequences of vowels and consonants like mamama by infants

Question 35

language development

Answer 35

is the process by which children come to understand and communicate language during early childhood.

Question 36

stressed syllable

Answer 36

a property of syllables, a stressed syllable is more prominent than and unstressed one, due to having greater loudness, longer duration, different pitch, or full vowels.

Question 37

not stressed syllable

Answer 37

a syllable with a less prominent standing compared to a stressed syllable.

Question 38

communicative development

Answer 38

the use of communication to facilitate social development

Question 39

holophrastic stage

Answer 39

consisting of a single word, such as go or whatever. pertaining to the stage of development where a child produces simple one-word utterances.

Question 40

telegraphic

Answer 40

a phase during child language acquisition in which children use utterances composed primarily of content words.