Language Flashcards
Everything is an ___ (can call member functions and properties on any variable)
object
___, ___, and ___ are represented as primitives at runtime
numbers; characters; booleans
What are the 4 types of integers
Byte, Short, Int, Long
___ or ___ is chosen based on the initial value given to an integer literal
Int, Long
You can specify Long by adding the ___ suffix
L
How do floating-point types differ from one another?
By how many decimals they can store
Variables initialized with fractional numbers are inferred to be of type ___
Double
You can specify Float with the ___ suffix
F or f
What happens if the initial value of a Float contains more than 6-7 decimal digits?
It will be rounded
Does Kotlin support implicit widening conversions for numbers?
No
How do you convert numeric values to different types?
By using Explicit Conversion functions
What are the 4 types of literal constants?
Decimals, Longs, Hexadecimals, and Binaries
You can use ___ in numeric literals.
Underscores
Numbers are stored as ___ unless ___ or ___ are involved.
JVM primitives; nullable; generics
Boxing of numbers doesn’t always preserve ___.
identity
Smaller numeric types are not ___ of bigger types, and therefore aren’t ___ ___ to bigger types.
sub-types; implicitly; converted
What are the 7 explicit conversion functions?
toByte(); toShort(); toInt(); toLong(); toFloat(); toDouble(); toChar()
Bitwise functions are ___ functions that can be called in ___ form.
named; infix
What are the 7 infix bitwise functions?
signed shift left (shl); signed shift right (shr); unsigned shift right (ushr); bitwise and (and); bitwise or (or); bitwise xor (xor); bitwise inversion (inv)
When operands are ___ ___ as floating-point numbers they follow the ___ for ___-___ arithmetic.
statically typed; standard; floating-point
When operands aren’t statically typed as floating-point numbers, operations use ___ and ___.
equals(); compareTo()
Characters can’t be directly treated as ___.
numbers
Characters have 10 types of ___ ___.
escape sequences
Booleans and Characters are ___ if a nullable reference is needed.
boxed
Arrays have ___ and ___ functions that turn into [] by operator overloading.
get; set
What are the 3 ways to create an Array?
arrayOf(); arrayOfNulls(); Array constructor
Arrays are ___.
invariant
Primitive type arrays provide arrays of primitive types without ___ ___.
boxing overhead
Primitive type arrays have no ___ relationship to Array class.
inheritance
Primitive type arrays have the same set of ___ and ___ as the Array class.
methods; properties
Each primitive type array has it’s own corresponding ___ ___.
factory function
What are the 4 types of unsigned integers?
UByte; UShort; UInt; ULong
Unsigned integers support most ___ of signed integers.
operations
Unsigned integers are implemented using ___ ___.
inline classes
Unsigned integers have their own corresponding ___ types.
Array
Unsigned integers have ___ and ___ suffixes.
u; U
Unsigned long has ___ and ___ suffixes.
uL; UL
___ or ___ is chosen based on the size of unsigned literal.
UInt; ULong
Strings are ___.
immutable
You can concatenate strings using the ___ operator.
plus (+)
String ___ are preferable over concatenation.
templates
You can access characters of a String by using ___ operations.
indexing
String can be iterated over with a ___-___.
for-loop
What are the 2 types of Strings?
escaped; raw
Template expressions start with a ___.
dollar sign ($)
Templates can contain a ___ ___ or ___.
simple name; expression
Templates are supported in both types of ___.
strings
‘if’ can be used as an ___, i.e. it returns a value.
expression
‘if’ expressions are required to have an ___ branch.
else
The last expression of an ‘if’ block is the ___ of the block.
value
‘when’ is analogous to the ___ statement in C-like languages.
switch
Each ‘when’ branch can be a ___.
block
‘when’, like ‘if’ can be used as a ___, or ___.
expression; statement
Like ‘if’, if ‘when’ is used as an expression an ___ branch is required.
else
‘when’ branch conditions may be combined with a ___.
comma (,)
‘when’ branches may have ___ ___ as conditions.
arbitrary expressions
‘when’ branches may check a value for being ___ or ___ a ___ or ___.
in; !in; range; collection
‘when’ branches can check that a value ___ or ___ of a type.
is; !is
If no argument is given to ‘when’ then branch conditions are ___ expressions.
boolean
It is possible to ___ a ‘when’ ___ in a variable.
capture; subject
for-loops iterate through anything providing an ___.
iterator
You can iterate over a range of numbers using the ___ ___.
range expression
A for-loop over a range or array is compiled to an ___-___ loop.
index-based
You can iterate with an index using the ___ property or ___ function.
indices; withIndex()
A number of packages are imported by ___ in ___ kotlin file.
default; every
Additional packages are imported depending on ___.
platform
When importing you can disambiguate name clashes by using the ___ keyword.
as
What other declarations can you use ‘import’ on?
top-level functions and properties; functions and properties in object declarations; enum constants
Top-level declarations marked ___ are private to the ___ it’s declared in.
private; file
What are the 3 jump expressions? What is their type?
return; break; continue; Nothing
Any ___ can be marked with a label.
expression
What are the 2 types of ‘return’ labels?
qualified; implicit
Qualified ‘return’ allows returning from ___ ___.
outer function
___ labels have same name as function to which lambda is passed.
implicit
A ___ statement from an ___ function returns from the anonymous function.
return; anonymous
