Language Flashcards
Mental Representations
can’t be seen unless shared
ie. images, ideas, beliefs, emotions, principles
Language (Define)
flexible system that allows mental representations to be symbolized
Thought
internal dialogue
Evolution of language –> Greater Social complextiy (Provide example)
early humans: cooperate to hunt
now: co-operate for economy
-both can happen b/c of communication skill
Children are primed to acquire language (T/F)
T
Nicaraguan Sign Language (Explain)
-developed by deaf children
-linguists can now study the ‘birth’ of a language
Interpersonal Communication (define)
speaker/responder relationship
Adjacency Pair
a speaker and a responder
Common Ground
info shared in a convo
Audience Design
how we use Common Ground to determine how much detail is needed
Situation models
mental representation of an object or situation
Priming
When you think about 1 concept and related concepts are remembered
How do Common Ground, Shared Models and Priming all relate in convo?
during convos, we coordinate Common Ground and Shared Models that Prime similar concepts
Estimated % of language used for gossip
70%
What is the equilivant of primate grooming for humans?
gossip
In-group
the group in which you belong
Out-group
others
Linguistic Intergroup Bias (Explain)
abstract language = stereotyping
Concrete language = uncharacteristic behaviours
What are In-group and Out-group reactions to violence
Ingroup = concrete
Outgroup = abstract
What are In-group and Out-group reactions to helping
Ingroup = abstract
Out group = concrete
Social Brain Hypothesis
-brain evolves to maintain our social groups
-humans can support groups of ~150 (hunter/gatherer sized)
What do linguists believe about language and cognition
they believe language shapes cognition
What is Whorf Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis
the idea that different languages = different constraints on thought b/c we can only think in ways our language allows
Broca’s aphasia (brain location and problem)
-frontal lobe of the left hemisphere
-speech production
Wernicke’s aphasia (brain location and problem)
-temporal lobe
-comprehension
Theory of Mind (define)
ability to understand ppl have their own thoughts
How many stages if the Pyramid of ToM
5
ToM Pyramid only reflects development (T/F)
F -also reflects evolution
What organism relates with what stage on the ToM Pyramid
1 = Monkeys
2 = Chimpanzees
3-5 = Humans
False-Belief Task (Explain using example)
1) Child sees someone place crayons in a candy box
2) new person enters (Ryle)
-ask the child ‘what will Ryle say is in the condy box?’
Candy = ToM
Crayons = no ToM
What type of play allows children to develop ToM?
play-pretend; allows children to take on roles
