Lang terminology

Question 1

list of terminology for paper 1

Answer 1

-syndetic listing -lists of conjunctions /asyndetic listing -he returns flowers,dogs,houses
syntactic parallelism
-tag questions
-concrete noun(tastable on its own like mobile)
-abstract noun -emotions
-stative(emotion)/dynamic(action)/modal auxilary verbs
-personal pronouns
-synthetic personalisation
-elipsis -(you going to the party)
-clipping (maths, fridge, mathematics )
-hedging -less assertive speech (I think)

Question 2

what is elaborated code

Answer 2

• language used by well educated people
  -detailed
  -articulate
  -formal

Question 3

what is restricted code

Answer 3

lang used by friends and family
-informal setting
-slang and non standard grammar
-high fq lexis
-both working and middle class

Question 4

whats code switching

Answer 4

ability to adopt language according to the situation and context

Question 5

upwards convergence

Answer 5

-use of standard English or received pronunciation

-sometimes rp is looked upon as unnactractive and other accents are more friendly and warm

Question 6

downwards convergence

Answer 6

-use of non standard forms , lexis and slang to reflect other speakers

Question 7

overt and covert prestige

Answer 7

overt- power and governmental lang, standard English ,rp

covert- non standard grammar
-colloquel lang

Question 8

prosodic features

Answer 8

-intonation
-pitch
-speed(exited or not)
stress
volume (authority)

Question 9

taboo

Answer 9

things we dont realy speak about

Question 10

why are proper nouns capitalised

Answer 10

because they represent a specific place and hold value
- its easier to find information

Question 11

describe the process of standardisation

Answer 11

was evolving and grammar rules hadn’t yet been universally established.

Question 12

what do the multiple subordinate classes represent

Answer 12

oral speech( prescriptivist approach)
-or emulating latinate conventions