Lang High Yield Pharmacology

Question 1

What is a bactericidal Drug

Answer 1

One that can eradicate an infection in the absence of host defenses mechanisms; it will kill bacteria

Question 2

What is a bacteriostatic drug ?

Answer 2

An antimicrobial drug that inhibits antimicrobial growth but requires host defense mechanisms to eradicate the infection

Question 3

What is a Beta Lactam Drug ?

Answer 3

Drugs with structures containing a beta lactam ring including penicillins cephalosporins and carbapenems. The ring must be intact for the drug to work

Question 4

What is a MIC

Answer 4

The lowest concentration of antimicrobial drug capable of inhibiting growth of an organism in a defined growth medium

Question 5

What is a transpeptidase

Answer 5

A bacterial enzyme that is required for the cross linking of the bacterial cell wall

Question 6

Can you kill a methicillin - resistant Staphlococci with infection with penicillin ?

Answer 6

No no class of penicillin can kill this bug

Question 7

What are the narrow spectium penicillinase resistant penicillins

Answer 7

Mehticillin, oxacillin, and naficillin

Question 8

What are cephalosporins ?

Answer 8

Beta Lactam drugs that act like penicillins but are more acid stable and can be taken with food. They are divided into 4 generations.

Question 9

What would you use a first generation Cephalosporin for ?

Answer 9

Gram Positive Cocci E.Coli and Pneunomia

*Used for surgical prophylaxis

Question 10

What would you use a second generation cephalosporin for ?

Answer 10

These have slightly less gram + activity and extended gram - activity. These are effective against anaerobic bacteria in sinus ear and respiratory infections

Question 11

What would you use a third generation cephalosporin for ?

Answer 11

A resistant gram - infection such as beta lactamase producing nicceria and influenza

Question 12

What is vancomycin ?

Answer 12

It is a bacteriocidial drug that binds to D-ala D-ala and inhibits transglycosylation which interferes with cross linking

Question 13

Can a first generation cephalosporin be sued to treat meningitis ?

Answer 13

No because it can not cross the blood brain barrier

Question 14

How is penicillin G administered ?

Answer 14

Im injection it can not be taken orally

Question 15

Are penicillins susceptible to gastric acid ?

Answer 15

Yes they will be degraded by gastric acid

Question 16

In addition to binding to Transpeptidase to inhibit cross linking in the bacterial cell wall what other function do penicillins have ?

Answer 16

They are autolysins which will break down the microbial cell wall

Question 17

What is a sterol unique to fungal membranes

Answer 17

Ergosterol

Question 18

What are the primary drugs used to treat fungal infections ?

Answer 18

Amphotericin B and the Azoles

Question 19

What is the mechanisms the Azols use to impede bacterial growth ?

Answer 19

Interfere with fungal cell membrane permeability in inhibiting the synehtsis of Ergosterol

Question 20

What is an antifungal known to inhibit P405’s

Answer 20

Ketoconazole