lang. dev. Flashcards
Why is family involvement in language use and education important?
It is crucial for supporting the child’s development and respecting family values.
What should be avoided in relation to home language?
Subtly pushing English and discouraging home language use.
List the cognitive benefits of bilingualism.
- Supports home language within the family
- Enhances phonological awareness
- Aids in theory of mind development
What can happen if home language use is discouraged?
It can lead to weak or incomplete language development.
What are the effects of language loss?
- Loss of cognitive benefits from bilingualism
- Reduced caregiver participation in language development
- Weakens family relationships
What is the take-home message regarding home language?
Research the structure of the home language and how it differs from English.
Can children with language disorders benefit from bilingualism?
Yes, strong language input in both languages supports better development.
Define ‘Speech’ in the context of language.
Physical production of sounds.
What is ‘Language’?
A structured system of symbols (spoken, written, or signed) used for communication.
How is ‘Communication’ defined?
The broader exchange of information through verbal and nonverbal means.
List the five domains of language.
- Phonology
- Morphology
- Syntax
- Semantics
- Pragmatics
What is phonology?
The study of speech sounds.
What are free morphemes?
Morphemes that can stand alone (e.g., ‘cat’).
What are bound morphemes?
Morphemes that must attach to another word (e.g., ‘-s’ in ‘cats’).
What are derivational morphemes?
Morphemes that change word meaning (e.g., ‘happy’ → ‘happiness’).
What are inflectional morphemes?
Morphemes that modify tense or number without changing meaning (e.g., ‘walk’ → ‘walked’).
What is syntax?
Sentence structure and grammar rules.
What is semantics?
The meaning of words and sentences.
What is pragmatics?
The social use of language (e.g., adjusting speech for different audiences).
What are pragmatic skills in toddlers?
- Greeting
- Requesting
- Protesting
Define receptive language.
Understanding language input.
Define expressive language.
Producing and using language.
What is a register in language?
Adjusting language style for different contexts.
What is genderlect?
Language variations based on gender norms.
What is linguistic knowledge?
Implicit understanding of language rules.
What is metalinguistic knowledge?
Awareness of how language works (e.g., recognizing grammatical errors).
Who proposed the Nativist Theory of language development?
Chomsky.
What does the Behaviorism theory state about language development?
Language develops through reinforcement and imitation.
Who is associated with the Sociocultural Theory of language development?
Vygotsky.
What is the focus of Cognitive Developmental Theory?
Language acquisition is tied to cognitive growth.
What is Interactive Emergentism?
Language develops through innate abilities and the environment.
What is the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis?
Language influences thought and worldview.
What is the Verbal-Deficit Perspective?
The incorrect belief that non-standard dialects are ‘deficient.’
What does the Socialization Mismatch Hypothesis suggest?
Differences between home and school socialization impact learning.
Differentiate between BICS and CALP.
- BICS: Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (1-2 years)
- CALP: Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (5-7 years)
What is African American English (AAE)?
A rule-governed dialect.
What is a pidgin?
A simplified mix of languages.
What is a creole?
A full, developed language evolved from a pidgin.
What is prelinguistic communication?
Communication before words (gestures, vocalizations, joint attention).
List the functions of infant communication.
- Requesting
- Protesting
- Social interaction
What is joint attention?
Infant and caregiver focus on the same object/event.
What are examples of gestures in communication?
- Pointing
- Showing
- Giving
- Waving
What challenges do children with autism face?
Difficulty with joint attention and social communication.
What characterizes Child-Directed Speech (CDS)?
- Higher pitch
- Exaggerated intonation
- Simple sentences
- Repetition
- Slower speech
What is the difference between expansion and extension in language development?
- Expansion: Repeating and correcting grammar
- Extension: Adding new information to expand meaning
What are scaffolding strategies?
Varying levels of assistance to match a child’s needs.
What does parental talk predict?
The child’s overall language growth.
What does vocabulary diversity predict?
The child’s ability to use a broad vocabulary.
What is incidental learning?
Learning that occurs through exposure rather than direct teaching.
What are communication loops?
Back-and-forth interactions.
What is verbal mapping?
Labeling objects/actions for meaning.
What is mediation in language development?
Providing explanations to aid understanding.
What are symbolic gestures?
Gestures that enhance early communication skills.
