Lang and lit glossary Flashcards
What is alliteration and what is the effect?
It is the repetition of sound at the beginning of several words.
Gives a lyrical quality and adds emphasis.
What is it called when a reference is made to a text, event, person or place, and what is the effect?
Allusion relies on the contextual knowledge of the reader.
It stimulates associations and evokes a mental picture.
What is an analogy and what is the effect?
The comparison of one situation to another, often used to persuade the audience.
What is repetition of a word/phrase in a succession of phrases/sentences, and what is the effect?
anaphora
Establishes a rhetorical or ‘literary’ effect.
What do you call advertising that draws attention to the conventions of advertising, and what is the effect?
Anti-advertising
Seems more honest/ open. Draws attention.
What is a contrast between ideas and what is the effect?
Antithesis
rhetorical effect
What is an appeal to authority and what is the effect?
Reference to a source that claims to have authority.
Gives an argument credibility.
What is an appeal to fear and what is the effect?
It is appealing to the audience’s sense of fear.
It makes the audience scared - persuasive.
What is it called when a text says that that because everyone else is doing something, you should do it, and what is the effect?
the bandwagon effect
Persuade the audience.
What is bias and what is the effect?
It is when language supports a particular ideological position and there is an imbalance between different perspectives.
Leads the audience to see from the writer’s point of view.
What is cacophony and what is the effect?
Discordant, or hard sounding effects of language produced by clusters of consonants.
What is characterisation and what is the effect?
It is the way that a writer creates characters to attract or repel the sympathy of the audience.
What is a cliche and what is the effect?
A repeated or boring phrase, that builds up a colloquial tone and persuades the reader.
What is colloquialism and what is the effect?
Ordinary, everyday language.
Gives a casual, relaxed effect, and achieves a less formal tone.
What is the purpose of a simple sentence.
To make a declarative statement and to add emphasis. A series can create tension
What is conflict in advertising, and what is the effect?
It is including a situation that has conflict, which is persuasive as the audience has an interest in seeing the conflict resolved.
What is the context of production and what is the effect?
It is the context where the text was produced, and influences the writer.
What is the context of reception and what is the effect?
The context that a text is read, which influences how it is understood.
What is it called when there are multiple authors or people responsible for something?
Crowdsourcing, eg. Wikipedia pages
It makes the result more generic.
What is a word that takes the place of a pronoun, or idea. Eg. ‘this/that/then/here/down there/’?
a deictic word
It places the audience in the same frame of reference as the writer.
What is a severely critical type of discourse, characterised by anger.?
a diatribe
What is direct narration?
It is when the narrator tells the reader what to think/makes an interpretation for the reader.
What is direct speech and what is the effect?
Speech in quotations. Reported speech is where the narrator reports direct speech.
It creates a more vivid representation for the audience.
What do you call the omission of part of a language structure?
an ellipsis
Eg. Coming? (Are you coming?)
Used for economy and affirms a sense of informality. Gives the sense fo replicating spoken language, establishing apparent closeness between the text and the reader.
What is an end-stopped line and what is the effect?
When a line of verse ends with a period. It sounds conclusive/final.
What is it called when a word is used in two different senses for an argument, and what is the effect?
equivocation is used to make false arguments sound convincing.
What do you call the character of an audience, nation, or community?
Ethos.
Appealing to ethos gives the speaker more credit or authority on a matter.
What is a word or phrased used to replace something else to make it sound better than it is.?
euphemism
Eg. put to sleep instead of euthanised.
What do you call the visual aspect of a text - layout, font, images?
graphology
What is hyperbole and what is the effect?
Exaggeration.
Used to emphasise a point.
What is imagery and what is the effect?
Language that appeals to the senses.
It creates a picture in the mind of the reader and engages them.
What is indirect narration?
When the writer shows the events of a story without telling the reader how to interpret them.
What is intertextuality?
The way in which a text resonates or refers to another text.
What is irony?
When the opposite happens from what you would expect - verbal or situational.
What is jargon and what is the effect?
Technical language.
It can be used for obfuscation, or to sound informed and credible.
What is juxtaposition and what is the effect?
Placement of opposite ideas in close proximity.
It draws attention to tension or conflict between ideas.
What is logos and what is the effect?
The appeal to the audience’s sense of logic.
It involves arguments and reasoning and is persuasive.
What is Advertising of unpopular products.?
Long tail marketing
Eg. Kurdish dance music, cold war stamps, Siberian poetry.
What is a metaphor?
Saying that something is something else.
What do you call a reference to something not by name but by something intimately associated with it, and what is the effect?
metonymy
Eg. ‘Crown’ to meet queen.
It can make things more concise, and adds poetic colour.
What is it called when a writer expresses an attitude/judgement towards their subject matter.?
modality
What is multivocality?
The idea that the meaning of a text is not fixed and is constructed by the readers who occupy particular positions.
What is it called when a verb is transformed into a noun, and what is the effect?
Nominalisation
Eg. Army shoot demonstrators -> demonstrators die in shooting.
Your kitchen looks great -> Great looks for your kitchen.
It can obfuscate a text, or give permanence to an otherwise temporary situation.
What is onomatopoeia and what is the effect?
Sound words, that appeal to the senses of the reader.
What is an appeal to the emotions and what is the effect?
pathos
Used to persuade the audience.
What is the problem solution technique and what is the effect?
Convincing someone that they have a problem, so as to sell them the solution.
It is persuasive.
What is a pun and what is the effect?
A play on words for (often) comic effect.
What is a semantic field?
It is a group of words with related meaning.
What is sensationalism?
Language that appeals to emotions, often exaggerates, over-hypes events.
What is shock advertising and what is the effect?
It is controversial advertising that creates free publicity and leaves a memorable impact on the audience.
What is a reference to an entity by one of its parts. and what is the effect?
a synecdoche
‘All hands on deck’.
It sounds colloquial and mirrors everyday language.
What is a testimonial and what is the effect?
When someone tells about a personal experience with a product. It appeals to the audience’s sense of ethos, adding credibility.
