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Geography > Landscapes & Landforms > Flashcards

Landscapes & Landforms Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Landform?

A

A landform is a specific shape or physical feature of the Earth’s surface which has been produced by a natural process.

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2
Q

What is a Landscape?

A

A landscape is a part of the Earth’s surface. It consists of a variety of geographical features that are characteristic of an area.

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3
Q

What is the Definition of ‘Aesthetic Value’?

A

The worth of something’s beauty or emotional appeal

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4
Q

What is the Definition of ‘Cultural Value’?

A

Cultural value is linked to the importance of landforms and landscapes as expressed by people through creative means.

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5
Q

What is Salinity?

A

Salinity refers to a high level of salt in the soil, which kills plants.

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6
Q

What is Desertification?

A

Desertification is the transformation of fertile land into dry, desert-like areas.

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7
Q

What causes Desertification?

A

Human activities such as deforestation, overgrazing and poorly managed agriculture can cause desertfication.

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8
Q

What is soil erosion?

A

Soil erosion is the removal of topsoil faster than the soil-forming processes can replace it.

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9
Q

What are the two types of Salinity?

A

Dryland Salinity and Irrigated Salinity.

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10
Q

What is irrigated Salinity?

A

When extra water from irrigation enters the ground it also forces the water table to rise.

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11
Q

What is Dryland Salinity?

A

Salt in the underground water is forced to rise when we remove trees with deep root systems that keep the water table low in the ground.

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12
Q

Why is soil important?

A

Soil is important as it supports plants and animals. Soil is damaged by overfarming and other poor agricultural practices, affecting agriculture.

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13
Q

What are the four layers of the Earth?

A

Inner core, Outer Core, Mantle, Crust

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14
Q

What are the three types of Mountains?

A

Fold mountains, Block mountains, Volcanic Moutains.

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15
Q

What is a Block Moutain?

A

Block mountains are created when cracks in the Earth’s crust- known as faults- force blocks of land upwards.

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16
Q

What are fold Mountains?

A

Fold mountains are created by upward pressure where two tectonic plates collide.

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17
Q

What are Volcanic Mountains?

A

Volcanic mountains are created by volcanoes. They are created when magma pushes its way from beneath the Earth to the crust.

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18
Q

What are Hotspots?

A

A point not on a plate boundary where there is tectonic activity

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19
Q

What is a Shield Volcano?

A

A wide, gently sloping mountain made of layers of lava and formed by quiet eruptions

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20
Q

What is a Geomorphic Hazard?

A

A geomorphological hazard is a danger that occurs as a result of changes to a landform, affecting the stability of the site and resulting in devastating effects on the area and those living there.

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21
Q

What is a Natural Disaster?

A

A natural disaster is the occurrence of an expected natural event that adversely affects the environment and people in that area.

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22
Q

What is a Natural Hazard?

A

A natural hazard is a known feature of an area that may cause loss of life, injury and/or property damage.

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23
Q

What is a Landslide?

A

A landslide is the movement of rock, debris, or eath down a slope.

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24
Q

What are some processes that contribute to a landslide?

A
  • Heavy rains
  • Building on slopes making the land less stable
  • Hard surfaces (increases the runoff)
  • Growth of cities means that people live in unsafe areas
  • Clearing
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25
Q

What is the World Heritage List?

A

The World Heritage List is a list of the world’s most important natural and human features.

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26
Q

What does ‘sustainable’ mean?

A

able to be maintained at a certain rate or level.

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27
Q

What is a Glacier?

A

Large frozen river of ice that slowly moves down a valley in response to gravity

28
Q

What is a Cirque?

A

Bowl-shaped hollow at the head of a valley or on a mountainside formed by glacial erosion

29
Q

What is a ridge?

A

Long, narrow elevation of land

30
Q

What is a Saddle?

A

The lowest point along a ridge or between two mountain tops

31
Q

What is a Karst Landscape?

A

A region underlain by caves in limestone bedrock; the collapse of the caves creates a landscape of sinkholes separated by higher topography, or of limestone spires separated by low areas.

32
Q

What is a Riverine Landscape?

A

Formed by the natural movement of a water system such as a river.

33
Q

What is a Tomographic Map?

A

A map that shows the surface features of an area.

34
Q

What are contour lines?

A

Lines that connect points of equal elevation

35
Q

What is an alphanumerical Grid?

A

Grid that uses letters and numerals to identify squares of a grid pattern on a map

36
Q

What is Erosion?

A

The wearing away of the Earth’s surface by wind, water or ice

37
Q

What is land degradation?

A

Damage of the natural environment from natural causes such as erosion and human activities such as overgrazing, deforestation, land clearing, etc.

38
Q

What does Urban Mean?

A

Relating to a city

39
Q

What is a Tsunami?

A

A giant wave usually caused by an earthquake beneath the ocean floor

40
Q

What is a Pyroclastic Flow?

A

The flow of ash, cinders, bombs, and gases down the side of a volcano during an explosive eruption

41
Q

What is the Mantle?

A

The layer of hot, solid material between Earth’s crust and core.

42
Q

What is Magma?

A

Molten rock beneath the Earth’s surface

43
Q

What is Lava?

A

The molten material that flows from a volcano

44
Q

What is a Lahar?

A

An avalanche of volcanic water and mud down the slopes of a volcano

45
Q

What is a Tectonic Plate?

A

One of the immense, slowly moving pieces that make up the Earth’s surface (or crust) that carry the continents and oceans

46
Q

What is Tectonic Activity?

A

processes that tend to build up the various features of the Earth’s crust (e.g. types of mountain building, volcanic action, folding and faulting)

47
Q

What is a Natural Process?

A

A natural action, change or function that brings about a result in the Earth’s surface (e.g. erosion)

48
Q

What is Deposition?

A

The laying down of solid material which has been eroded and transported from another part of the Earth’s crust

49
Q

What is Urban?

A

Relating to a city

50
Q

What is another name for a Destructive Plate Margin?

A

A destructive plate margin is also known as a convergent plate margin.

51
Q

What is a destructive plate margin?

A

This is when an oceanic
plate and a continental plate move towards each other.

52
Q

What is the “Oceanic Plate” covered by?

A

oceanic tectonic plate is mostly covered by sea.

53
Q

What is the “Continental Plate” covered by?

A

A continental tectonic plate is mostly covered by land.

54
Q

What is the ‘Ring of Fire’?

A

The ‘Ring of Fire’ refers to the margins of the Pacific plate.

55
Q

What is the name used for volcanoes that form away from tectonic plate boundaries?

A

Hot Spot

56
Q

What are the Two types of Volcanoes?

A

Shield volcanoes and Composite Volcanoes

57
Q

What are the four types of materials that are ejected from craters into the atmosphere?

A

Gas
Thick Ash
Volcanic Bombs
Lava

58
Q

What is the difference between magma and lava?

A

Lava is magma that has reached the surface.

59
Q

How are shield volcanoes different to composite volcanoes?

A

Shield volcanoes have gentle, sloping sides. The erupt in a less-violent manner.

60
Q

Where are shield volcanoes found?

A

Shield volcanoes are found on constructive margins or at ‘hot spots’.

61
Q

Where are composite volcanoes found?

A

Composite volcanoes are found at the margins of destructive plates.

62
Q

Summarise what happens at a constructive plate margin.

A

At a constructive plate margin, two
tectonic plates move apart and magma rises and fills the gap.

63
Q

What is another name for a Constructive Plate Margin? What happens?

A

A constructive plate margin is also known as a divergent plate margin. This is when two plates move apart.

64
Q

What are the 4 types of Landslides?

A

Soil Creeps, Mud Slides, Slumping, Avalanches

65
Q

Is a beach a Landform or a Landscape?

A

Landform

Geography (1 decks)

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