Landscape in America (Week 11)

Question 1

Asher Brown Durand

Answer 1

1835 - encouraged by friendship with Cole begins landscape

1840 travels to Europe - Claude Lorain

President National Academy of Design 1845-1861

After Cole’s death 1848 becomes leading American Landscape Painter

1855-56 published “Letters on Landscape Painting” in The Crayon

Question 2

Answer 2

Asher B. Durand, The Evening of Life, 1840

By evening come around to Christianity

Progress

Question 3

Answer 3

Asher B. Durand, The Morning of Life, 1840

progress, christianity

Question 4

Answer 4

Asher B. Durand, Kindred Spirits, 1849

Memorial to Cole

W.C. Bryant Romantic Poet

Question 5

Answer 5

Asher B. Durand, In the Woods, 1855

speceficity in tree details

Question 6

Answer 6

Asher B. Durand, Beeches, 1849

cultivating the land

know its a beech tree

Question 7

Answer 7

Asher B. Durand, Interior of a Wood, 1850

change from landscape vista

more detailed

Question 8

Answer 8

Asher B. Durand, Progress, 1853

nature as narrative of progress

compare to Cole’s Oxbow

not as pessimistic

Question 9

Answer 9

Asher B. Durand, A Pastoral Scene, 1858

Question 10

Answer 10

Asher B. Durand, Kaaterskill Clove, 1866

Question 11

Jasper Cropsey

Answer 11

Critical success following exhibition of a landscape 1845

elected to NAD 1851

known for autumnal visions of HRV, popular in England

2nd rank painter, most indebted to legacy of Cole

Question 12

Answer 12

Jasper Cropsey, The Spirit of War, 1851

Question 13

Answer 13

Jasper Cropsey, The Spirit of Peace, 1851

Question 14

Answer 14

Jasper Cropsey, Autumn on the Hudson River, 1860

In Europe in 1860

Didn’t really see this in person

Question 15

Answer 15

Jasper Cropsey, Greenwood Lake, 1870

Question 16

Sanford Gifford

Answer 16

1823-1880 born to a wealthy family

1855 Europe - Ruskin, Turner

resided Tenth Street Studio Building

1870 Founding Member of the Metropolitan

1st artist to be honored by Met with monographic retrospetice and memorial catalogue of his known paintings

Question 17

Answer 17

Sanford Gifford, Catskill Mountain House, 1862

Question 18

Answer 18

Sanford Gifford, Hunter Mountain Twilight, 1866

Sadness caused by Civil War

desolate, barren landscape

Question 19

Answer 19

Sanford Gifford, Kaaterskill Clove, 1862

better sense of atmosphere

luminism

framing elements

Question 20

John Kensett

Answer 20

noteriety following exhibition of 2 landscapes at NAD in late 1830s

1840-47 Europe

1849 full member NAD

1870 founding member of the Metropolitan

died from pneumonia contracted while trying to save friend’s wife in CT waters

Question 21

Answer 21

John Frederick Kensett, Bash-Bish Falls, 1855

Question 22

Answer 22

John Frederick Kensett, Lake George, 1856

Lake George scenes are most famous

better than Crospey

Question 23

Frederic Edwin Church

Answer 23

First official pupil of Thomas Cole

Youngest painter elected to full membership NAD

Tenth Street Studio Building

reputation declined in 1870s

sublime and pastoral

Question 24

Answer 24

Frederic Church, Hooker and Company Journeying through the Wilderness, 1846

paints as pupil of Cole, age 20

landscape as history scene

founding of Hartford, CT

homage to his lineage

Question 25

Answer 25

Frederic Church, Blasted Tree (Storm in the Mountains), 1849 Out Cole'ed Cole God's power

Question 26

Answer 26

Frederic Church, Niagara, 1857 no framing elements studied how water falls reverence to nature

Question 27

Answer 27

Frederic Church, Heart of the Andes, 1859 traveled to South America 1853 & 1857 God, art, nature moralizing pilgrims spreading Christianity details

Question 28

Answer 28

Frederic Church, Twilight in the Wilderness, 1860 Eve of Civil War impending storm

Question 29

Thomas Cole

Answer 29

Born in England comes to the US in 1818 1825 - Dunlap, Trumbull, and Durand purchase his work pre-eminent figure of the American landscape tradition father of the Hudson River School 1826 - founding member of NAD landscape for moral message, manifest destiny, nature and God

Question 30

Answer 30

Thomas Cole Course of the Empire: The Savage State 1834 allegorical study progression of civilization man's relationship with nature influenced by classical ruins in Europe

Question 31

Answer 31

Thomas Cole Course of the Empire: The Arcadian or Pastoral State 1834 harmony with the land, balance classical cultivation of the land for survival

Question 32

Answer 32

Thomas Cole Course of the Empire: The Consummation of the Empire 1836 man crowding out nature figures foreshadowing destruction

Question 33

Answer 33

Thomas Cole Course of the Empire: Destruction 1836 excess = downfall of civilization further from nature = corruption choas, sublime

Question 34

Answer 34

Thomas Cole Course of the Empire: Desolation 1836 nature always returns landscape used to teach moralizing message

Question 35

Answer 35

Thomas Cole, The Oxbow, 1836 wild vs. pastoral self-portrait between lands cultivate land sublime, progress

Question 36

Answer 36

Thomas Cole, The Voyage of Life Childhood, 1842 narrative series on age baby accompanied by angelic spirit God is close calm waters

Question 37

Answer 37

Thomas Cole, The Voyage of Life: Youth, 1842 boy pushing away from angel drifting to unknown clouds

Question 38

Answer 38

Thomas Cole, The Voyage of Life: Manhood, 1842 dramatic and dark angel far away challenging journey unstable

Question 39

Answer 39

Thomas Cole, The Voyage of Life: Old Age, 1842 angel re-joins man as she did in childhood hourglass disappeared = time run out

Question 40

Answer 40

Albert Bierstadt Rocky Mountain, Lander's Peak 1863

Question 41

Answer 41

Albert Bierstadt Last of the Buffalo 1888