Landscape in America (Week 11) Flashcards
Asher Brown Durand
1835 - encouraged by friendship with Cole begins landscape
1840 travels to Europe - Claude Lorain
President National Academy of Design 1845-1861
After Cole’s death 1848 becomes leading American Landscape Painter
1855-56 published “Letters on Landscape Painting” in The Crayon
Asher B. Durand, The Evening of Life, 1840
By evening come around to Christianity
Progress
Asher B. Durand, The Morning of Life, 1840
progress, christianity
Asher B. Durand, Kindred Spirits, 1849
Memorial to Cole
W.C. Bryant Romantic Poet
Asher B. Durand, In the Woods, 1855
speceficity in tree details
Asher B. Durand, Beeches, 1849
cultivating the land
know its a beech tree
Asher B. Durand, Interior of a Wood, 1850
change from landscape vista
more detailed
Asher B. Durand, Progress, 1853
nature as narrative of progress
compare to Cole’s Oxbow
not as pessimistic
Asher B. Durand, A Pastoral Scene, 1858
Asher B. Durand, Kaaterskill Clove, 1866
Jasper Cropsey
Critical success following exhibition of a landscape 1845
elected to NAD 1851
known for autumnal visions of HRV, popular in England
2nd rank painter, most indebted to legacy of Cole
Jasper Cropsey, The Spirit of War, 1851
Jasper Cropsey, The Spirit of Peace, 1851
Jasper Cropsey, Autumn on the Hudson River, 1860
In Europe in 1860
Didn’t really see this in person
Jasper Cropsey, Greenwood Lake, 1870
Sanford Gifford
1823-1880 born to a wealthy family
1855 Europe - Ruskin, Turner
resided Tenth Street Studio Building
1870 Founding Member of the Metropolitan
1st artist to be honored by Met with monographic retrospetice and memorial catalogue of his known paintings
Sanford Gifford, Catskill Mountain House, 1862
Sanford Gifford, Hunter Mountain Twilight, 1866
Sadness caused by Civil War
desolate, barren landscape
Sanford Gifford, Kaaterskill Clove, 1862
better sense of atmosphere
luminism
framing elements
John Kensett
noteriety following exhibition of 2 landscapes at NAD in late 1830s
1840-47 Europe
1849 full member NAD
1870 founding member of the Metropolitan
died from pneumonia contracted while trying to save friend’s wife in CT waters
John Frederick Kensett, Bash-Bish Falls, 1855
John Frederick Kensett, Lake George, 1856
Lake George scenes are most famous
better than Crospey
Frederic Edwin Church
First official pupil of Thomas Cole
Youngest painter elected to full membership NAD
Tenth Street Studio Building
reputation declined in 1870s
sublime and pastoral
Frederic Church, Hooker and Company Journeying through the Wilderness, 1846
paints as pupil of Cole, age 20
landscape as history scene
founding of Hartford, CT
homage to his lineage
Frederic Church, Blasted Tree (Storm in the Mountains), 1849
Out Cole’ed Cole
God’s power
Frederic Church, Niagara, 1857
no framing elements
studied how water falls
reverence to nature
Frederic Church, Heart of the Andes, 1859
traveled to South America 1853 & 1857
God, art, nature
moralizing pilgrims spreading Christianity
details
Frederic Church, Twilight in the Wilderness, 1860
Eve of Civil War
impending storm
Thomas Cole
Born in England
comes to the US in 1818
1825 - Dunlap, Trumbull, and Durand purchase his work
pre-eminent figure of the American landscape tradition
father of the Hudson River School
1826 - founding member of NAD
landscape for moral message, manifest destiny, nature and God
Thomas Cole
Course of the Empire: The Savage State
1834
allegorical study
progression of civilization
man’s relationship with nature
influenced by classical ruins in Europe
Thomas Cole
Course of the Empire: The Arcadian or Pastoral State
1834
harmony with the land, balance
classical
cultivation of the land for survival
Thomas Cole
Course of the Empire: The Consummation of the Empire
1836
man crowding out nature
figures foreshadowing destruction
Thomas Cole
Course of the Empire: Destruction
1836
excess = downfall of civilization
further from nature = corruption
choas, sublime
Thomas Cole
Course of the Empire: Desolation
1836
nature always returns
landscape used to teach moralizing message
Thomas Cole, The Oxbow, 1836
wild vs. pastoral
self-portrait between lands
cultivate land
sublime, progress
Thomas Cole, The Voyage of Life Childhood, 1842
narrative series on age
baby accompanied by angelic spirit
God is close
calm waters
Thomas Cole, The Voyage of Life: Youth, 1842
boy pushing away from angel
drifting to unknown
clouds
Thomas Cole, The Voyage of Life: Manhood, 1842
dramatic and dark
angel far away
challenging journey
unstable
Thomas Cole, The Voyage of Life: Old Age, 1842
angel re-joins man as she did in childhood
hourglass disappeared = time run out
Albert Bierstadt
Rocky Mountain, Lander’s Peak
1863
Albert Bierstadt
Last of the Buffalo
1888
