Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Geography > Landscape > Flashcards

Landscape Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

What is a common definition of landscapes?

A
  • They often refer to the physical characteristics which has been challenged recently by Cultural Geographers.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the famous quote by Merleau- Ponty?

A

‘The landscape thinks itself in me… an I am its consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What words might we associate with the physical definition of landscapes?

A
  • Realworld, physical, scenery, aesthetics, objective, landforms, representation, visible features, traditional
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What words might we associate with the more liberal definition of landscape?

A
  • Opinions, ideas, culture, thoughts, art, writing, experiences, feelings, identity.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What connotations does the verb landscape have?

A
  • Suggests the quintessentially British gardens and potentially of the ruling classes. This is the interpretation of landforms as they appear in cultural and scientific understandings and representations.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In what ways can we view landscape?

A
  • Genre
  • Aesthetic
  • Verb
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the point of thinking about landscape?

A
  • Questioning fundamentals and reassessing our assumed understanding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is landscape interpreted subjectively?

A
  • Experienced through senses
  • Interpreted through historical, cultural and political context
  • Describe through representations.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is cultural geography?

A
  • Relationship between culture, space and place and power
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do cultural geographers think about meaning?

A
  • How do places becoming meaningful
  • ‘Contingent and constituted qualities of phenomena’ - Barnett
  • Encouraging interpretations and qualitative methods
  • How do people understand the world?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does Cosgrove say about landscape?

A
  • ‘As a term widely employed in painting and imaginative literature as well as in environmental design and planning, landscape carries multiple layers of meaning’
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do Massey and Wylie consider landscape?

A
  • a ‘provocation’ and a ‘tension’
  • A provocation to think carefully about taken for granted ways of thinking.
  • A tension between traditional dichotomies/binaries e.g. The subjective and objective realms.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does Paul Klee say about landscape?

A
  • Trees see him as powerfully as he sees the trees.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What might landscape suggest other than the traditional thought of vision?

A
  • Cultural, political and historical context and effects of representation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How might a blind person experience landscape?

A
  • Blind person can still experience the landscape and therefore they can still see it using their other senses.
  • Describing colours
  • Red is a hot stone, blue is a cold flannel and white is cotton wool.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happened to Geography in the 1950s?

A
  • Geographers wished to focus on creating laws more akin to the natural sciences and during this period thinking was very traditional.
  • The idea that landscape is about vision only came about at this time which led to critique in subsequent decades.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How was the subjective idea of landscape present in the pre-perspective urban landscapes?

A
  • Rees argues that we get an impression of the towns not from a detached observer from a fixed vantage point but as a citizen of the town might see it.
  • Early Medieval paintings focused more freely on giving a sense of place as opposed to trying to accurately recreate the landscape.
  • Introduction of linear perspective by Brunelleschi in the early 1400s came more technical approaches.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How was linear perspective viewed in relation to landscape?

A
  • Linear perspective was considered progress from the old medieval paintings.
  • Accurate, realist, mathematical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is ‘bourgeois’ science in relation to landscape?

A
  • nothing scientific is purely scientific- cultural and political context.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What might we conclude about linear perspective in relation to landscape?

A
  • Cannot capture lived experience
  • Can be compared to looking at a landscape with a disembodied eye
  • We should consider vision/seeing not as neutral observation but as a learned way of understanding the world.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does Cosgrove say about understanding landscape?

A
  • If Geographers are going to use landscape as a way of examining cultural understandings of place, they need to be critically aware of its history
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

In what mediums can we think about landscape?

A
  • Art, photos, films, theatres, guidebooks, computer games, novels and poetry.
23
Q

What is the most important thing about paintings?

A
  • It is more important to think about the ideas behind the painting rather than what they they actually show.
24
Q

How did the age of post feudal estate paintings come about?

A
  • Dissolution of the monasteries
  • Colonial expansion and early industrialisation
  • Land enclosure
  • ‘New money’/ new nobility/ new landowners
25
Q

What happened in the 1600s relating to landscape?

A
  • Flemish painters began to focus increasingly on quintessential landscapes which were wanted by new money groups to show off their wealth and power as well as to appear fashionable.
  • Painters were valued not for impressions or ideas but by how accurately and objectively they can paint the landscape.
26
Q

What do we need to consider when readings landscapes as texts?

A
  • Who is the author
  • Who is the audience
  • What ideas are expressed
  • How does this reflect dominant ways of thinking at the time.
27
Q

What is a key point about art/science?

A
  • The distinction between the two has only recently been distinguished.
28
Q

What was another effect of using linear perspective in English country painting?

A
  • lacing estates in perspective, realist and objective depictions of the land affirmed the Estate and the power of the landowner as a ‘right’, ‘proper’ and part of the ‘natural’ order of things.
29
Q

Describe romanticism and Turner

A
  • Turner started as a draughtsman, an expert in perspective. His early paintings often reflected this and were similar to the classic Estate Paintings.
  • Over time he developed his style so that he became known as the ‘painter of the light’.
30
Q

How did Cosgrove describe the evolution from linear perspective to a more impressionists style?

A
  • ‘Realism of an eye that has been carried by both the body and the imagination into the actual operation of natural processes’
31
Q

Describe landscape in the 20th century

A
  • 1920s-40s- rise of motor vehicles and expanding leisure opportunities. Beyond the rail accessible seaside resorts and into the country.
  • Moral judgements by the aristocracy on the working class- not how they think the English countryside should be.
  • Necessary to teach people how to enjoy the countryside.
32
Q

How can we think of exclusion in landscape?

A
  • Exclusion is a key part of landscape and citizenship
  • British identity best illustrated by the countryside. Dislike of urbanism, working class which aren’t quintessentially British.
  • Diversity in class is not British- propagating myth
  • Landscape is often something which people make claims to. For example the idea that diversity in class is not British.
33
Q

Describe the photography series by Ingrid Pollard based upon her holiday photos.

A
  • Connections between ‘alien’ species e.g. Grey squirrels
  • What happens to you in an English society if your understanding of landscape is different to the traditional one.
  • About 10 years ago there was the realisation that the Lake District was a holiday place almost exclusively for the white middle class.
  • Some black people have described the Lakes as a ‘landscape of fear’.
34
Q

What did Ingrid Pollard say about the Lake District?

A
  • ‘it’s as if the black experience is only lived within an urban environment… A visit to the countryside is always accompanied by a feeling of unease’.
35
Q

Describe strawberries in landscape?

A
  • Common landscape in the U.K. E.g. Kent and Scotland
  • Tesco says strawberries are from a specific farm which doesn’t exist. Landscape can be a concept rather than a place.
  • Idyllic idea of families berry picking- Eastern European reality.
  • Forces that produce strawberries and fields- landscape is socially constructed.
36
Q

What is the problem with treating landscapes as texts?-

A
  • Texts are static which would imply that landscapes are also.
  • Looking at the processes behind landscape provides a more dynamic approach.
37
Q

What should we do to better understand landscape?

A
  • Pay attention to the way that landscapes are implicated in and produced through social, political and economic circumstances.
  • Move away from naive and simplistic understandings to critical ones an understanding landscapes as dynamic products of processes.
38
Q

Describe the landscape of slum tours?

A
  • Niche tourism product
  • Being looked at more critically. Involves spending a day touring a slum or impoverished area.
  • People engaging in Poorism and human safari?
  • Do we want to feel like heroes? Make ourselves feel better? Can we understand the inhabitants experience?
  • Rich western tourists gaze aghast through smartphones
  • Locals say they don’t benefit
  • ‘Tourist gaze’
  • Colonial prejudiced ways of thinking
39
Q

What is the context of the medical gaze?

A
  • Patient is treated as an object of study rather than a person (from philosopher Michael Foucault)
40
Q

What is the effect of photos on how we see landscape?

A
  • Photos part of the process that see slum landscapes transformed into tourist destinations.
  • Photos reflect attitudes of tourists rather than the feeling of the landscape.
  • Photos circulated to reproduce dominant discourse of poverty and non-western peoples.
41
Q

What was learnt from fieldwork done at Hammershus, Denmark (Medieval Castle)?

A
  • Participation observation (ethnography)
  • Gaze is gendered- large cameras stereotypically male
  • Body language- arms around shoulders- photos often show the desired model of a emotionally unified family.
42
Q

What is the best way to look at landscape?

A
  • Need a method of studying landscape, production of landscapes and their meaning and the experience of landscapes as something that is embodied and practiced.
  • We don’t want something that is considered non biased or neutral.
  • We are a part of landscape.
43
Q

What is the idea of the Cartesian Duality?

A
  • Named after Descartes
  • Traceable back to Aristotle and Plato
  • Mental realm of the ‘mind’ is distinct from the physical realm of the ‘body’
  • This maps onto other dualisms.
44
Q

How are our dreams and imagination connected to landscape?

A
  • When we dream our senses can be deceptive
  • The only thing we can think is that we exist
  • Body is just matter and part of reality but we can’t perceive reality.
45
Q

What is the idea of dualistic representationalism?

A
  • Kitten is an object
  • Enters into eyes of perceived to brain
  • Brain gives representations of kittens e.g. Happiness, discomfort etc.
46
Q

How does the deception of vision come into landscape?

A
  • How can we know the world if the only thing we know for certain is that our thoughts are real.
  • This is why it’s important to be able to look at things with detachment.
47
Q

What is Ocularcentrism?

A
  • Vision has become understood as the most neutral, detached, objective form of ‘knowing the world’
  • Privileged over other senses
  • Representations over practices
  • Photographs over photographing
48
Q

What are some of the problems with the Cartesian model?

A
  • An absolute distinction between mind and body, between thought and world, between perception and landscape.
  • Privileging of the realm of rational thought.
  • Descartes method identifies vision with the cogito
  • A priori assumes the existence of a thinking/observing subject.
49
Q

What is a spectatorial epistemology?

A
  • In the minds eye. Gives us a very Western way of thinking.
50
Q

What is the divide between the logical mind and emotional mind?

A
  • People often put the logical mind before the emotional.
  • There is the idea that it is better to be logical and should avoid emotion in discussion.
  • Are any of us completely rational beings?
51
Q

What is blindness in landscape?

A
  • Blindness is not the inability to see anything at all. It comes in many different forms.
  • Can we understand vision outside the detached disembodied eye and linear perspective? By working with people who don’t see normally can we challenge our own ideas and perceptions of vision?
  • Shouldn’t be a divide between mind and body.
  • In Tom touches himself Tom may be the subject or object.
52
Q

What happens in The Adventures of Prisolla, Queen of the Desert (1994)?

A
  • The one where the drag queens travel across the desert.
53
Q

Describe some key facts about the British Gardens in Stowe

A
  • Created in 18th century when England was a superpower
  • Viscount Cobham- developed idea of gardens and politics
  • Versailles used as justification of controlling nature.
  • Lots of classical references in the gardens

Human Geography (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions