Landmarks and Spaces Flashcards
Triangle of auscultation
Borders: Latissimus dorsi, medial border of scapula, trapezius
Contents: 6th and 7th ribs and 6th intercostal space
Opened most when scapula is drawn anteriorly by crossing arms and trunk is flexed
Carpal tunnel
Borders: Pisiform, hook of hamate, trapezium, scaphoid, flexor retinaculum
Contents: Median nerve, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus
Ulnar nerve and ulnar artery are superficial and medial; flexor carpi radialis is lateral
Quadrangular space
Borders: Humerus surgical neck, teres minor, long head of triceps brachii (lateral border), teres major
Contents: Posterior circumflex humeral artery, axillary nerve
Humeral intertubercular groove
Borders: Greater tubercle, lesser tubercle
Contents: Tendon of long head of biceps brachii
Axillary nerve wraps laterally from posterior surface to further innervate deltoid and overlying skin
Triangular space
Borders: Teres minor, long head of triceps brachii (medial border), teres major
Contents: Circumflex scapular artery
Triangular interval, a.k.a. Triceps hiatus
Borders: Humerus, long head of triceps brachii (lateral border)
Contents: Profunda brachii artery, radial nerve
Suprascapular foramen
Borders: Superior transverse ligament of scapula, scapular notch
Contents: Suprascapular nerve
Suprascapular artery is superior to ligament (Army over the bridge, Navy under the bridge)
Radial groove
Location: Posterior humerus, about 1/2 way distal
Contents: Radial nerve, crossing inferolaterally
Anatomical snuff box
Borders: Extensor retinaculum, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus
Contents: Radial artery
Intervertebral foramen
Borders (e.g. T4-T5): Inferior vertebral notch of T4, superior vertebral notch of T5
Contents: T4 spinal nerve
Ulnar groove
Location: Posterior medial epicondyle of humerus
Contents: Ulnar nerve
Vertebral foramen
Borders: Pedicles, laminae, body
Contents: Spinal cord
Transverse foramen of cervical vertebra
Borders: Transverse process, pedicle
Contents: Vertebral artery
Costal groove
Location: Inferior border of all ribs except 1st, 11th, and 12th
Contents: Intercostal vessels, intercostal nerve
Suboccipital triangle
Borders: Rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis inferior, obliquus capitis superior
Contents: Suboccipital nerve, vertebral artery
Deltopectoral groove
Borders: Deltoid, pectoralis major
Contents: Cephalic vein
Cubital fossa
Borders: Brachioradialis, pronator teres, antebrachial fascia/bicipital aponeurosis, brachialis and supinator
Contents: Brachial veins, median nerve (medial), brachial artery (intermediate), biceps brachii tendon (lateral)
Cubital tunnel
Borders: Medial epicondyle of humerus, olecranon, tendinous arch of flexor carpi ulnaris
Contents: Ulnar nerve
Ulnar tunnel, a.k.a. Guyon’s canal
Borders: Palmar carpal ligament, flexor retinaculum, pisiform, hook of hamate
Contents: Ulnar nerve, ulnar artery
Superficial to carpal tunnel
Hepatic triad
Sheath: Hepatoduodenal ligament
Contents: Hepatic artery proper, bile duct, hepatic portal vein
Anterior to omental foramen of Winslow
Aortic hiatus
Location: Posteromedial aspect of diaphragm at T12
Contents: Abdominal aorta, thoracic duct, azygous vein, hemi-azygous vein
Deep inguinal ring
Borders: Transversalis fascia
Contents: Gonadal artery and vein, spermatic cord/round ligament of uterus
Space for indirect inguinal hernia; lateral to inferior epigastric vessels
Hesselbach’s triangle
Borders: Inferior epigastric vessels, inguinal ligament, rectus abdominis
Contents: Medial inguinal fossa
Space for direct inguinal hernia; superficial inguinal ring is anterior to this at inferior corner
Pectinate line
Junction of: Visceral part of anal canal (superior) and somatic part of anal canal (inferior)
Retroinguinal space of Bogros
Borders: Transversalis fascia, peritoneum, iliac fascia
Contents:
Medial aspect- Femoral artery and vein
Lateral aspect- Iliopsoas
Cystohepatic triangle of Calot
Borders: Common hepatic duct, cystic duct, inferior border of liver
Contents: Cystic artery; also Lund’s node, the sentinel lymph node of the gallbladder
Unnamed perineal space of Sistani
Borders: Inferior (arcuate) public ligament, perineal membrane
Contents: Dorsal nerve and vessels of penis/clitoris
Obturator canal
Borders: Obturator internus, body of pubis at obturator foramen
Contents: Obturator artery and vein, obturator nerve
Greater sciatic foramen
Borders: Greater sciatic notch, sacrotuberous ligament, sacrospinous ligament
Contents:
Piriformis
Suprapiriform- Superior gluteal artery and vein, superior gluteal nerve
Infrapiriform- Inferior gluteal artery and vein, internal pudendal artery and vein, 6 nerves (inferior gluteal, pudendal, sciatic, posterior femoral cutaneous, nerve to obturator internus, nerve to quadratus femoris)
Lesser sciatic foramen
Borders: Lesser sciatic notch, sacrotuberous ligament, sacrospinous ligament
Contents: Internal pudendal artery and vein, pudendal nerve, nerve to obturator internus, tendon of obturator internus
Pudendal canal / Alcock’s canal
Borders: Obturator fascia (along oburator internus in ischioanal fossa)
Contents: Internal pudendal artery, internal pudendal vein, pudendal nerve
Esophageal hiatus
Location: Medial aspect of diaphragm at T10
Contents: Esophagus, posterior vagal trunk
Adductor canal
Location: Deep to sartorius
Contents: Femoral artery, femoral vein, saphenous nerve, nerve to vastus medialis
Adductor hiatus
Borders: Femur superior to medial condyle, tendinous insertion of adductor magnus
Contents: Femoral artery, femoral vein
Femoral triangle
Borders: Inguinal ligament, sartorius, adductor longus, iliopsoas and pectineus (floor), fascia lata (roof)
Contents: Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, lymphatics (NAVL from lateral to medial)
Saphenous opening
Borders: Fascia lata with falciform lateral border, fascia cribrosa (covering)
Contents: Great saphenous vein
Femoral canal
Location: Medial compartment of femoral sheath at femoral ring
Contents: Fat, some lymphatics
Site of femoral hernia
Pes anserinus
Location: Medial to tibial tuberosity
Contents: Tendinous insertions of gracilis, sartorius, and semitendinosus
