Landforms

Question 1

Minerals

Answer 1

Minerals: naturally occurring organic and inorganic substances
Orderly atomic structure
Definite chemical composition and physical properties
Composed of two or more elements
Single element minerals- sulphur, copper, gold, silver, graphite, etc

Question 2

Lithosphere

Answer 2

Lithosphere- The rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle

Question 3

Specific Gravity

Answer 3

SG- The ration b/w the weight of a given object and the weight of an equal volume of water
Object weighed in air and then weighed in water and divide weight in air by the difference of two objects

Question 4

Petrology

Answer 4

Petrology is science of rocks

Question 5

Rocks on the basis of their mode of formation

Answer 5

Igneous rocks
Sedimentary rocks
Metamorphic rocks

Question 6

Igneous Rocks

Answer 6

Igneous rocks are called Primary Rocks
Form out of magma and lava from the interior of the earth
Classified based on texture:
- If cooled slowly, minerals grains may be large
- Sudden cooling results in small and smooth grains

Question 7

Sedimentary Rocks

Answer 7

Sediments means settling
the result of
deposition of fragments of rocks by exogenous
processes;

Question 8

Lithification

Answer 8

Lithification: Rock fragments are transported by different exogenous agencies and deposited. These deposits through compaction turn into rocks.

Question 9

Sedimentary rocks mode of formation

Answer 9

1 Mechanically formed- sandstone, limestone, shale, etc

2. Organically formed- geyserite, chalk. etc
3. Chemically formed- limestone, potash, etc

Question 10

Metamorphic rocks

Answer 10

Metamorphic means change of form

Formed out of existing rocks undergoing recrystallization

Question 11

Dynamic metamorphism

Answer 11

Mechanical disruption and reorganization of minerals within rocks without any appreciable chemical change is called dynamic metamorphism

Question 12

Thermal metamorphism

Answer 12

The materials of rocks chemically alter and recrystallize due to thermal metamorphism

Question 13

Types of thermal metamorphism

Answer 13

1. Contact: contact with lava and magma

2. Regional: because of tectonic shearing of rocks

Question 14

Foliation or lineation

Answer 14

In the process of metamorphism in some rocks, grains or minerals get arranged in line layers. This arrangement is called foliation or lineation

Question 15

Banding

Answer 15

Sometimes minerals or materials
of different groups are arranged into
alternating thin to thick layers appearing in
light and dark shades. Such a structure in
metamorphic rocks is called banding

Question 16

Metamorphic rocks classification

Answer 16

1. Foliated

2. Non foliated