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GT1: Landscapes and physical processes > Landform process & change > Flashcards

Landform process & change Flashcards

1
Q

What processes cause river landforms to change overtime?

A
  • fluvial erosion
  • transportation
  • deposition
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2
Q

Define fluvial

A

Referring to a river & its landforms

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3
Q

Define erosion

A

The process of wearing away the land

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4
Q

Define transportation

A

The movement of material by the flow of the water

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5
Q

Define deposition

A

The process of material carried by the river being dropped

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6
Q

Define bedload

A

Material carried by the river being bounced or rolled along the bed

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7
Q

Define meander

A

A bend in the river, formed by lateral erosion

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8
Q

What are the types of erosional processes that occur on the river channel?

A
  • abrasion
  • hydraulic action
  • solution
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9
Q

What are the types of erosional processes that occur on the river bed?

A
  • attrition
  • abrasion
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10
Q

Define abrasion

A

Material carried by the river hitting the river bed & banks & wearing them away

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11
Q

Define hydraulic action

A

The force of the water pushing air into gaps in the soil & rocks, causing them to be wider

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12
Q

Define solution

A

When the water has a chemical reaction with rocks made from calcium carbonate (limestone/chalk) and dissolves them

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13
Q

Define attrition

A

Rocks carried by the river collide together & are broken down becoming into smaller & rounder rocks

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14
Q

What does river transportation depend on?

A
  • speed of the flow
  • weight of the load
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15
Q

What are the different ways that transportation occurs in the river?

A
  • solution
  • suspension
  • saltation
  • traction
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16
Q

Define suspension

A

Fine light material is carried in the river flow, as suspended load

17
Q

Define saltation

A

Small pebbles/stones bounced along the bed & banks of the river

18
Q

Define traction

A

Large boulders rolled along the bed & banks

19
Q

Where does deposition occur in a river?

A
  • river channel
  • inside a meander
  • mouth of the river
20
Q

Why does deposition occur in the river channel?

A

There is reduced movement of water caused by lack of rainfall

21
Q

Why does deposition occur in the meander?

A

The majority of the water is on the outer bend, therefore the water on the inner bend is slow & can’t transport load

22
Q

Why does deposition occur in the mouth of the river?

A

The water opposes the direction of the sea

23
Q

What river landforms are shaped by fluvial processes?

A
  • v-shaped valleys
  • waterfalls
  • gorges
  • floodplains
  • meanders
24
Q

Define v-shaped valley

A

A narrow valley with steep sloping sides found in the river’s upper course

25
Q

Define waterfall

A

Water falling from a higher level to a lower level caused by glacial & differential erosion

26
Q

What 2 ways can waterfalls be formed?

A
  • glacial erosion
  • differential erosion
27
Q

Define glacial erosion

A

Erosion of the landscape caused by glaciers during the ice age

28
Q

Describe the process of waterfall formation through glacial erosion

A
  • during ice age, glaciers carved steep valleys into the landscape
  • valleys left hanging above one another
  • glaciers melted→water drains from small valleys into large ones
29
Q

Define differential erosion

A

Waterfalls are formed due to a change in rock structure

30
Q

Describe the process of waterfall formation through differential erosion?

A
  • waterfalls occur where a band of HR overlies SR
  • as water falls, hydraulic action continues to erode the SR underneath the HR
  • as SR is eroded, overhang becomes heavy & collapses due to gravity, causing waterfall to retreat
  • plunge pool forms underneath waterfall due to force of water hitting the river bed
31
Q

Define gorge

A

A steep-sided narrow valley formed by a retreating waterfall

32
Q

Define floodplain

A

A flat piece of land on either side of a river forming the valley floor

33
Q

Define vertical erosion

A

Sideways erosion of the river channel that deepens it

34
Q

Define interlocking spurs

A

Hard resistant rocks that a river cannot easily erode & therefore has to move around it

35
Q

Define plunge pool

A

A deepened part of the river bed at the base of the waterfall caused by the impact of the falling water

GT1: Landscapes and physical processes (3 decks)

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