Land Use: Soil

Question 1

Soil basic information

Answer 1

Helps plants grow
Has water, air, insects
Types and colours
45% minerals
20-30% water
20-30% air
5 % organic

Question 2

Soil layers

Answer 2

O horizon
A horizon
B horizon
C horizon
R horizon

Question 3

O horizon

Answer 3

Top layer with organic matter
Not in every type of soils

Question 4

A horizon

Answer 4

Surface layer with minerals
Weathered rock material
Most organic remains
Zone of leaching

Question 5

B horizon

Answer 5

Leached from A goes to B
Zone of accumulation
Course grained and more clay

Question 6

C horizon

Answer 6

Broken up bed rock
Rock fragments

Question 7

R horizon

Answer 7

Bedrock

Question 8

Climate effects: area soils

Answer 8

Tropical soils: high temperatures, rainfall, infertile
Grassland soils: supports grass, not trees
Forest soils: supports trees and forest
Desert soils: dry climates, a lot of salts and calcium
Arctic soils: poorly drained and shallow, layer of permafrost

Question 9

Mass movements

Answer 9

Mudslides: Saturated water, avalanche, volcanic activity
Landslides: snow, ice, soil and rock, on steep slopes
Creeps: slow downward movement

Question 10

Reduction of erosion and PH

Answer 10

Planting windbreaks: rectangles
Contour plowing: oblong shape
Terracing: staircase

PH: most soils are neutral 6-8

Question 11

Urbanization- use of land pt1: land use and cover, pros and cons

Answer 11

Land cover: vegetation and structures (farm)
Land use: human activity (cities)
Urbanization cons: noise and light pollution, waste, fossil fuels
Pros: efficient, less fuel, land preservation

Question 12

Urbanization- use of land pt2: cutting trees

Answer 12

Harvesting trees: Deforestation:
Clear cutting: removal of all trees
Selective cutting: cutting only older trees
Reforestation: replacing the trees

Question 13

Ranching and overgrazing

Answer 13

Grazing animals to maintain food supply
Grasses adaptable plants, growing point is the base of the leaf (root) so it can live through droughts, fires, freezes and grazing

Overgrazing: too much and grass dies, land is degraded, desertification

Question 14

Mining

Answer 14

Open pit: dog large holes to remove ore
Strip mining: bulldozers to remove strips of land
Effects: habitat loss, land erosion, landslides, waste and toxins
Reclamation: mining companies have to restore the land back

Question 15

Farming: Arable, fertile soil, erosion, imagation, harvesting

Answer 15

Arable land: pliéed for crops, lost b/c pollution, machine make loose surface layer
Fertile soil: O layer, for health plants, waste can pollute
Erosion: wearing away top soil, water or wind, cause desertification
Imagation: sprinklers, salinization
Harvesting: machines, create carbon footprint

Question 16

Sustainable farming

Answer 16

Don’t use a lot of energy, pesticides, fertilizers, watering
Do organic farming

Question 17

Tragedy of the commons

Answer 17

Overuse from others, cause people to have nothing, everyone is at risk

Question 18

Texture of soil

Answer 18

Sand: course/fine 0.05 mm to 2.0 mm
Silt: smooth/powdery 0.002 mm to 0.05 mm
Clay: cohesive/sticky less than 0.02 mm
Smallest

Question 19

Types of soils

Answer 19

Loamy: ❌not sticky, ✅roll
Sandy: ❌not sticky, ❌no roll
Silty: ✅sticky, roll, ✅breaks easily
Clayey: ✅sticky, ✅roll, ❌not breaks easily