Land Use -Facts,people,books&places Flashcards
National Wetlands Inventory Program (NWI)
has been producing wetland maps and geospatial wetland data for the United States since the mid-1970s. The focus on the program has been on two fronts: 1) map or digital database preparation and delivery to the public, and 2) projecting and reporting on national wetland trends using a probability-based sampling design. The status of mapping has been made available through various media throughout the program’s 30-year history (e.g., state atlases, regional status maps, and now through the internet via the Wetlands Mapper online tool).
Wetlands
provide a multitude of ecological, economic and social benefits. They provide habitat for fish, wildlife and a variety of plants. Wetlands are nurseries for many saltwater and freshwater fishes and shellfish of commercial and recreational importance. Wetlands are also important landscape features because they hold and slowly release flood water and snow melt, recharge groundwater, recycle nutrients, and provide recreation and wildlife viewing opportunities for millions of people.
Natural Resources Conservation Service NRCS
formerly Soil Conservation Service (SCS) 1935. Ensures private lands are conserved, restored, and more resilient to environmental challenges, like climate change.
70% of the land in the United States is privately owned.
Plan for Annapolis (Maryland)
1695, Nicholson
Plan for Savannah
1733, Oglethorpe
Plan for Washington D.C
1791, L’Enfant
City Beautiful
1890s-1900s-introducing beautification and monumental grandeur in cities mainly in Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit & Washington DC. Jane Jacobs referred to the movement as an “architectural design cult”.
Central Park in NYC
1851, Frederick Law Olmstead, Sr. & Calvert Vaux
1st Department Store
1868, Salt Lake City
1st suburban community
1869, Riverside, IL
1st National Park
1872, Yellowstone National Park
1st Skyscraper
1885, Chicago
World Columbian Exposition
1893, Chicago (supervised by Daniel Burnham)
1st Subway
1897, Boston
1st national Wildlife Refuge
1903, Pelican Island
Chicago Plan
1909 (Burnham and Bennett) 1st metropolitan plan
1st National Conference on City Planning
1909, Washington DC
Cities in Evolution
1915, Patrick Geddes
1st zoning Ordinance
1916, New York City
1st auto-oriented shopping center
1922 Kansas City
1st Regional Planning Commission
1922, Los Angeles
1st comp plan in the nation
1925, Cincinnati by Alfred Bettman
1st limited access highway
1926, Bronx River Parkway
Mississippi River, Great Flood
1927
Regional Survey of New York and its environments
1928,(view land use as a function of accessibility)
Flood Control Act
1928 created after the great flood of 1927
Tennessee Valley Authority, TVA
1933 (senator George Norris)
1st downtown pedestrian mall
1956, Kalamazoo (Michigan)
1st urban growth boundary
1958, Lexington and Fayette County KY
Design with Nature
1969, Ian McHarg
Oregon Land Use Act
(Created statewide planning system and required identification of urban growth boundaries separating urban from rural areas)
Model Land Development Code by American Law Institute
1976
Edward Bassett
Father of American zoning -wrote the first comprehensive zoning ordinance in the United States, adopted by New York City in 1916
Alfred Bettman
1925, developed comp plan for Cincinnati (1st in nation)
1926, successfully defended zoning in Euclid v Ambler Realty
First president of American Society of Planning Officials
