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History: Ireland 1867-1922 > Land (1845-09) > Flashcards

Land (1845-09) Flashcards

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0
Q

What was so devastating about the Famine for Ireland?

A

Potatoes were a vital part of Irish culture as they were by far their main source of industry and they were a large part of their diet

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1
Q

What was the major event for Ireland in 1845?

A

The potato Famine

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2
Q

How many Irish died as a result of the Potato Famine?

A

1 million

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3
Q

If the Irish didn’t die what did they do instead?

A

Emigrate to the USA

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4
Q

What was the British reaction to the famine?

A

Many including the monarchy gave generously however the government did little and still respected the differences between the two countries. Eventually they imported grain but it was too late to repair the situation

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5
Q

What was the significance of the whole event of the Famine?

A

It represented the issues of Land and British rule in Ireland

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6
Q

When was the Irish tenant league, later known as the independent Irish party created ?

A

1850

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7
Q

What were the 3 f’s ?

A

Free Sale = Landlords would sell the land to anyone interested
Fair Rent = Rent was to be reasonable
Fixity of tenure = Tenants weren’t to be evicted for non-payment of rent

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8
Q

Although the idea of a harsh and selfish landlord was widely publicised what was the reality?

A

Only a select few of landlords were cruel, many cared for the tenants, it was just that they were rarely on the land which they owned

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9
Q

When was the 1st Land act ?

A

1870

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10
Q

Why did Gladstone introduce the Land Act?

A

Pressure from Fenians on the street and at Westminster & he sympathised for the Irish

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11
Q

What were the 3 main points of the Land Act?

A
  1. Tenants who were evicted due to non- payment and had made improvements to the land were entitled to compensation
  2. Loans made available to tenants wanting to buy their land
  3. Fair rents were guaranteed
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12
Q

Under the 1870 land act, how much of the cost could tenants borrow from the government in order to buy land?

A

2/3

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13
Q

When was the Land League created?

A

1879

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14
Q

Who was the founder and who was the president of the land league when created in 1879 ?

A 
Founder= Michael Davitt 
President = Parnell
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15
Q

What methods did the Land League use to gain land acts in their favour ?

A

Constitutional, but they supported Fenian movement on the streets

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16
Q

When was the Captain Boycott incident?

A

1880

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17
Q

What was the significance of the Captain Boycott incident?

A

It showed how powerful the Irish could be when standing up to the British landlords

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18
Q

What happened in the Captain Boycott incident?

A

Captain Boycott tried to evict 11 tenants but the local community came together to persuade his servants and workers to walk out on him leaving him stranded. The local army had to come to his rescue

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19
Q

When was the 2nd Land Act?

A

1881

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20
Q

Why did Gladstone introduce the 2nd Land Act?

A

The agitation in Ireland threatened politics and he was forced to do something about it and this was a possible way of slightly hindering the agitation

21
Q

What were examples of agitation that forced Gladstone to introduce the 2nd Land Act ?

A

Captain Boycott
Fenians
Parnell’s personality was powerful at Westminster

22
Q

What were the terms of the 2nd Land Act?

A

3 f’s granted:
Free sale of land to another tenant
Fixity of tenure
Land commission set up to resolve disputes about rent

23
Q

When was the Act of Coercion passed ?

A

1881

24
Q

What was the importance of the Act of Coercion?

A

It meant that anyone who was stirring up unrest around the issue of Ireland was to be prosecuted, Parnell fitted the bill perfectly and was put in Kilmainham jail

25
Q

What was the Kilmainham treaty ?

A

Parnell was free’d from Jail as long as he stopped creating strikes in Britain. Tenants in arrears were also to have their finances wiped clean for a fresh start

26
Q

When was the Kilmainham treaty ?

A

1881

27
Q

Which Party dominated the political spectrum in the late 80’s, 90’s and into the 20th century early on? And who lead them?

A 
Conservative Party 
Lord Salisbury (1885
28
Q

When was the Ashbourne Act?

A

1885

29
Q

What was the feature of the 1885 Ashbourne Act?

A

It provided £5 million in loans for tenants to buy their land. However there were technical terms that meant that the Act wasn’t used to great extent successfully

30
Q

Who won the 1886 general election?

A

The Conservatives lead by Lord Salisbury

31
Q

What did the National Land League launch in 1886?

A

“Plan of Cqmpaign”

32
Q

What was the “Plan of Campaign”?

A

Campaign to the Public to gain support for cheaper rents for its tenants. It involved violence and strong street protest.

33
Q

When was the 3rd Land Act introduced?

A

1887

34
Q

How did he “Plan of Campaign” ruin Parnell’s figure ?

A

The respectable image of a peaceful and well respected leader broke down as he was associated with the street protest and violence

36
Q

When were the letters that framed Parnell written?

A

1887

37
Q

When was the Captain O’Shea divorce petition incident?

A

1890

38
Q

What happened in the Captain O’Shea incident?

A

Parnell was mentioned in the divorce petition of Captain O’Shea - basically meaning he was part of an affair

39
Q

How many liberals broke away from the main party ?

A

45 of 73MP’s

40
Q

What was the significance of the Captain O’Shea incident for Parnell ?

A

Parnell was an adulterer which was a bad image to have especially for a political party. The party split over his leadership as he refused to step down. William O’Brien and Tom Mcarthy and 44 other MPs split from the main party

41
Q

When did Parnell die?

A

1891

42
Q

What was Constructive unionism and why was it started?

A

The idea that the Conservative Party could improve the economic situation for Ireland as a result there would be less demand for Home Rule. They would aim to improve the situation through certain future land acts. They wanted to do this as they were reluctant to introduce Home Rule.

43
Q

As part of “Constructive Unionism”, when was the Ashbourne Act extended?

A

1888 & 1891

44
Q

What were the features of the 1891 extension to the Ashbourne Act?

A

£33 million available in loans to Farmers to buy land

The Act also aimed to distribute the Irish to create more land, jobs and housing

45
Q

How much was made available to the Irish for buying land under the 1891 act?

A

£33 million

46
Q

How many tenants took advantage of the 1891 land act ?

A

55,000

47
Q

How many homes had been created by 1923 through the Ashbourne Act ?

A

2 million

48
Q

When was the Wyndham Land Act ?

A

1903

49
Q

What were the features of the 1903 Wyndham Land Act?

A

1) £12 million available to encourage the landlords to sell their land - wasn’t compulsory to do so until the 1909 Land act
2) Tenants would pay for Land purchased over a long period of time

50
Q

How many years did tenants have to pay off the land at what amount of annual interest?

A

68 years at 3.25% interest

50
Q

What was the feature of the 1909 land act?

A

In some areas landlords were forced to sell the land

51
Q

How much was made available to encourage landlords to sell land under the Wyndham Land Act?

A

£12 Million

History: Ireland 1867-1922 (7 decks)

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