Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Foundation > Land > Flashcards

Land Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main differences between PAS and RPAS?

A 
Crew sat in the a/c
Weapon Capabilities (RPAS better)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the main similarities between PAS and RPAS

A

SA

Emergencies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How are emergencies handled for RPAS?

A

No different to a traditional aircraft. Crew follow a set of SOPs to recover the aircraft with red card drills being done from memory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Current RAF EO/IR Platforms?

A

Shadow R1
P-8 Poseidon
Reaper
Protector RG Mk1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a NDISR platform and what are the current ones?

A

NDISR = Non-dedicated ISR
It is a platform used for an ISR task however, its prime role is not as an ISR Asset

Typhoon
F35

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is RPAS controlled?

A 
Ground Control Station (GCS)
Fibre Optics
Fixed Site Satellite Terminal (FSST)
Satellite 
Ground Data Terminal (GDT)
Aircraft
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a disadvantage of the Reaper Comms Suite?

A

Only has 1 V/UHF radio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Difference between ISTAR and ISR?

A 
ISR = Strategic and Operational
ISTAR = Tactical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The Emergency Mission Lost Link Procedure needs to take account of?

A 
Weather in area
Weather en-route
Weather at destination
Hot airspace
Squawk
Frequencies (transmitter for LRE)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which areas of the EM Spectrum does EO/IR Exploit?

A

Visible Spectrum

IR Spectrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How can ground forces view a laser target marker from an EO/IR platform?

A

Using Night Vision Goggles (NVG) which amplify into near IR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name and describe an IR Phenomena

A

Thermal Crossover
+/- 1 hour of sunrise and +/- 1 hour of sunset
Different materials have different thermal responses
This is the period when the radiant temperature are virtually the same and EO is fading so IR is the only option.
Cause the target to blend in with its surroundings therefore making it difficult to spot.
Solution is switch polarity between black hot and white hot to draw your eye to changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is an object visible through an IR camera?

A

In order for us to see an object using IR is needs to have an emissivity value, the max being 1.
If an object has an emissivity of 1, it has a reflectivity of 0.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the environmental factors that affect EO performance?

A

Sun
sunrise/sunset = low light levels = shadowing
camera ‘blinded’ by sun there a/c orbit needs to be considered

Visibility
sand and dust particles cause light to scatter, reducing the EO camera’s ability to see through

Precipitation
precipitation causes the light to scatter, reducing the EO camera’s ability to see through

Clouds
Thick clouds obscure the picture
Thin wispy clouds may degrade the picture
Clouds can cause shadows on ground making the target difficult to see

Fog
An EO camera is unable to see through fog due to the dense particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the environmental factors that affect IR performance?

A

Sun
pointing an IR camera directly at the sun may ruin it and render it U/S
as the sun heats and object it may change how it appears
can cause thermal scarring to the ground, making it appear that an object is still there even once it has departed

Visibility
sand and dust particles cause the light to scatter, reducing the ability for the IR camera to see through

Precipitation
large droplets can absorb IR energy
heavy rain causes significant attenuation
rain cools the background so thermally significant objects will tend to stand out

Clouds
Thick clouds obscure the picture
Thin wispy clouds may degrade the picture
Clouds can cause shadows on ground making the target difficult to see

Fog
obscures an IR camera, however, ‘hot spots’ such as fires or an engine may be visible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the main elements of a basic EO/IR system?

A 
Gimbal
Turret
Master Control Unit
Controls
Displays
Recorder
Downlink
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Purpose of a Gimbal?

A

Stabilisation, steering and pointing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Purpose of a Turret?

A

Modular payload containing the sensors:
IR Camera
EO Wide Camera
EO Narrow Camera

Laser Target Marker
Laser Range Designator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Purpose of a Master Control Unit?

A

Controls, manipulates and processes the data from the sensor payload
Interfaces with other aircraft systems and the operator control unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Purpose of the Controls?

A

Operator Control Unit
Controls the turret functions (except steering)

Joystick
Controls the steering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Purpose of the displays?

A

Master monitor shows the video in command that has operator selectable overlays

Repeater screens display a repeat of the master monitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Purpose of the Recorders

A

Either built into MCU which automatically records specific screens and overlays

Or a separate recorder that’s operator controlled

For post flight analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Purpose of the Down Link

A

Video is encrypted and streamed to ground stations increasing SA for:
CAOC/tasking authority
Ground Commander
SU on the ground

For off-board SA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a LTM?

A

Laser Target Marker

Marks targets
Requires NVG
Sparkle/Illuminator
Near IR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is a LRD?

A

Laser Range Designator

Primarily for weapons guidance but can also provide, target elevation and coordinates, uses PRF

26
Q

What is the azimuth and elevation limitations for a gimbal?

A

360 degrees in azimuth

Limited in elevation due to the camera housing at top and NADIR at bottom

27
Q

Intelligence Levels

A

Strategic
Operational
Tactical

28
Q

Strategic Intelligence Level?

A

Informs the formation of policy, military planning and provision of Indications and Warnings (I&W) at the national and/or international level.
Derived from information gathered across the spectrum of military, diplomatic, political and economic matters

29
Q

Operational Intelligence Level?

A

Informs the planning, execution and support of campaigns and operations within a theatre or JOA by a HQ

30
Q

Tactical Intelligence Level?

A

Informs the planning and execution of operations at the tactical level

31
Q

Intelligence Cycle?

A

Intelligence Customers -> Intelligence Requirements Manager -> Direction -> Collection Manager -> Collection -> Processing -> Dissemination -> Review

32
Q

ISR Process?

A

Collections Manager -> Task -> Collect -> Process -> Exploit -> Disseminate -> Feedback

33
Q

Explain PED

A

Process Exploitation Dissemination

Initial Analysis (Phase 0 or 1)
Carried out by SO and crew
Offboard, near real time input from your downlink by SU

Further Detailed Analysis (Phase 2 or 3)
Carried out by off-board agency
Is fed back into the Intelligence Cycle

34
Q

What is PID?

A

Positive Identification

Trained individual positively identifies an individual or weapons system

As soon as you lose sight, PID needs to be regained by a trained Individual

35
Q

How can PID be obtained?

A 
Visual Identification (VID)
Electronic Identification (EID)
Second-source Identification/Sensor Identification
HUMINT
SIGINT
Tracking from Point of Origin
Other methods as allowed by theatre ROE
36
Q

What is CDE?

A

Collateral Damage Estimate

Prior to weapons employment

Target board will sit in the CAOC to determine a CDE figure which determines the type of viable weapon and restrictions

Your scans will contribute to decision

Reduces Fratricide

37
Q

How can an EO/IR Platform be Deployed?

A 
Target Development
Counter IED (CIED)
Convoy Support/Route recce
Helicopter Landing Site (HLS) recce
Raid Support
Target Illumination/Close Air Support (CAS)
Pattern of Life (POL)
Joint Personnel Recovery (JPR)
Battle Damage Assessment (BDA)
38
Q

What is Target Development?

A

Tasking authority declares a new Target or Operation which requires Full Motion Video (FMV) to collect on:
Personnel Activities
Target Disposition - size, numbers, locations, vehicles, weapons
Approach Routes, hazards, entry and exit points

39
Q

What is Pattern of Life?

A

Building a picture of the ‘normal’ so the ‘abnormal’ stands out.

Routes
Times of worship
Market days/times
Bed times
Cooking times
Children's activities
40
Q

What is Convoy Support/Route Recce

A

Pre, during, post
Remain ahead of convoy
Identifying possible hazards

41
Q

Counter-IED Tactics?

A 
Covert
Persistent
Use POL
Operate in 'peak activity' times
Look for visual markers/disturbed earth
42
Q

What is HLS Recce? What considerations?

A

Scan surrounding areas and highlight a suitable location

Flat
No obstructions
Big enough for helo?
Close enough to end location without being in LOS?
Aware of spotter/sniper locations
No evidence of IED acvitiy

Comms/no comms procedure i.e. sparkle (rope of figure of 8)

43
Q

Tasking during Raid Support?

A

Scan surrounding areas for spotters/snipers
Look for squirters
Maintain eyes on post raid to establish changes to POL

44
Q

What is JPR?

A

Joint Personnel Recovery
Co-ordinated by the CAOC

You will have a specific tasking that may involve:
Looking for the personnel
Keeping eyes on
Scanning for EF approaching
Clearing a HLS
45
Q

What is CAS?

A

Close Air Support

Air action against hostile targets which are in close proximity to friendly forces
Requires detailed integration of each air mission with the fire and movement of those forces

46
Q

What is BDA?

A

Battle Damage Assessment

Estimation of damage resulting from lethal or non-lethal military force

Was the desired effect achieved

Was collateral damage or fratricide avoided?

Physical Damage Assessment
Functional Damage Assessment

Need to be accurate and timely

47
Q

Describe a Basic Search

A

GODBEE

Get Information
Orientate
Discuss
Brief
Execute
Evaluate
48
Q

Where do we get information from?

A 
ATO/RSTA
J2
8-Line
JTAC AO Update
Aircraft Handover
49
Q

How do we Orientate?

A

Identify Key Features (Roads, Rivers, Treelines, Buildings)
Relate to a Map
Funnel Navigation = Big to Small, use keypad to progressively zoom in
Use a standard unit of measure

50
Q

What are the important considerations during the discussion?

A 
Essential Elements of Information (EEI)
Aircraft Positioning
Camera requirements vs Airspace Restrictions
Counter Detection
Weather
51
Q

What are the Briefing Points?

A 
Essential Elements of Information (EEI)
Aircraft Positioning
Other Aircraft (Manned vs Unmanned)
ROZs
Weather
52
Q

List two basic search techniques

A

Rolling Box

RASTER search (creeping line ahead)

53
Q

Explain the Rolling Box search technique

A

Search of a small area surrounding a point target giving better SA

Designated point is placed at any corner of screen
Slew image so that designated point will touch all corners of the screen making a box
The chosen point should stay on the screen at all times

54
Q

Explain a RASTER scan

A

Search of large open or built-up areas

Integrity of search vs speed of search

55
Q

What is CLEWS and what is it used for?

A

Mnemonic to think like the enemy in order to find the enemy

Cover
LOS
Escape Routes
Weapons
Spotters
56
Q

What are the IED Search Considerations?

A

IRCAGE

57
Q

Explain IR in IRCAGE

A

IR Camera

May give evidence of earth disturbance

Highlight enemy TTPs e.g. burning tyres

58
Q

Explain C in IRCAGE

A

Choke Points/Channelling

Areas where FF slow or down or bunch up

Naturally occurring or caused due to deliberately placed objects

E.g. river crossings, bends or narrowing of roads, junctions, bridges

59
Q

Explain A in IRCAGE

A

Aiming Markers

Markers used for EF to identify where IED is placed.

E.g. piles or stones/dirt, telephone poles, wall edges, culverts, lines of stones

60
Q

Explain G in IRCAGE

A

Ground disturbance

Looking for disturbed earth either visually or through heat variations in IR

Main Charge
Battery Pack
Command Wire
Daisy Chain

61
Q

Explain E in IRCAGE

A

Environmental

Enemy Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs)
Known IED activity
Re-seeding previous IED sites
Arming/Disarming activity
Route avoidance by locals

Foundation (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions