Lancastrian resistance Flashcards
Who did Margaret send to the French court to ask for a loan of 20,000 crowns?
Somerset, Lord Hungerford and Sir Robert Whittingham
Who else did Margaret employ to request for 80,000 francs and a fleet to conquor the Channel Islands?
Pierre De Breze
How long did the Lancastrians hold Jersey for?
One year
What did Margaret provide the Lancastrians with for working with the French?
Propaganda material
Who was Charles replaced with when he died?
Louis XI
Why was it bad news for Margaret that Louis had become King?
He hated his half of the Anjou family
Why was Louis favourable to Somerset. Hungerford and Whittingham?
It benefited France to see England divided
When did Edward send Warwick to capture the great Northumbrian stronghold of Alnwick Castle
September 1461
Where did Edward believe Margaret’s attack would come from?
The North
Which Castles did Warwick take to assert Yorkist control of the Northumbria?
Dunstanburgh Castle and Bamburgh Castle
When did Margaret go to France?
16th April 1462
Who did Margaret meet?
Duke of Brittany, Francis II, Jasper Tudor
What did Edward do in May 1462 to show the Scots he meant business?
He sent Warwick into Scotland to seize a castle
How long did the truce agreed between Edward and Queen Mary last that was agreed in May?
Until 24th August
What was agreed between Margaret and Louise when they finally met up with the French Court?
Louis would give Margaret: 2000 men, 20,000 francs and the authority to muster men in Normandy
Margaret would give Louis: Calais
When did Margaret sign the 100 year truce with France which prevented Englishmen from entering France?
28th June 1462
What did Edward do in response to hearing of the 100 year truce with France?
Dispatched 70 ships to harry the coast
Made Faucenburg Admiral of England
When did Sir Richard Tunstall take Bamburg Castle from the Yorkists?
October 1462
Who travelled with the Queen back to the English Coast on the 19th October?
Edward (son), Pierre de Breze and 200 men
Who prevented the Queen’s fleet from docking?
The Yorkist garrison at Tynemouth
Where did the Queen land after being prevented from doing so at Tyenemouth?
Alnwick
What did mercanaries do when they heard Warwick was approaching Alnwick with 4,000 men?
They fled and abandoned the Queen
What did the Queen do when she heard the news of Warwick arriving at Alnwick with 4000 men?
She found a fisherman who took them up the coast but were blown off course and caught in a storm where they lost all their supplies and possessions.
Why did the Lancastrians remain neutral when Margaret finally arrived?
She had no support with her
Which Castles did Margaret take when she arrived back to England?
Alnwick Castle, Dunstanburgh Castle, Warckworth Castle (essentially the whole of Northumberland)
What did Edward have to impose on Londoners when he heard Margaret was back?
Heavy taxes
How many men did Edward march north with to confront the invaders?
31 (a record for the period)
Who had Margaret put at the head of Bamburgh Castle?
Somerset who was supported by Roos, Pembroke and Sir Raplh Percy (who had recently gone over to their cause)
Where did Henry and Margaret go when they heard about the size of Edward’s army?
Holy Island with 400 men
What happened to the men which Margaret left behind when she went to Holy Island?
They surrendered and many were put to the sword as an example
When did Somerset give the keys of Warwick Castle to Warwick in return for Sir Ralph Percy being granted Bamburgh Castle?
Christmas Eve 1462
Who did Somerset formally pledge is allegiance to?
Edward
What effectively ended the Lancastrian invasion attempt?
The surrender of Alnwick and Dunstanburgh Castle in Northumberland
How did Margaret manage to take control of the North in the opening months of 1463?
Sir Ralph Percy allowed the Lancastrians to go into Bamburg and Dunstanburgh castle
When was Montague (Warwick’s brother) made Warden of the Eastern March?
1st June 1463
When did Edward arrange a peace deal between England, France and Burgundy?
24th June 1463
What did Phillip of Burgundy send Margaret to keep her quiet during the conference?
1000 crowns
What did the truce between Edward and Louis mean for the Lancastrians?
They could not enter France
What role did Montague play in frustrating Margaret in 1463?
Stopped a Lancastrian attack on Newcastle and intercepted supplies from the French which were unlikely to be replaced by Louis
When did Margaret land with Breze, Exeter, Fortescue, Morton and 200 men in Burgundy to talk with Phillip?
31st July 1463
What did Margaret wear to her meeting with Phillip?
A peasant dress as that was all she could afford
What did Phillip send Margaret after their meeting?
12,000 crowns
Where was Margaret forced to settle?
In France with her father and her hopes resting on her 10 year old son
When did Edward agree his second truce with the Scots?
December 1463
What did James III agree to do in the truce of 1463?
Give no more supplies to the Lancastrians which was easy as Henry’s cause had died
When did Somerset return to the Lancastrians following the hostility he was getting from other Yorkists?
December 1463
Where did Henry gather support in early 1464?
East Angelia, Gloucestershire, Cheshire, Lancashire, Staffordshire and Wales
When was the Battle of Hedgely Moor?
25th April 1464
Who was mortally wounded in the Battle of Hedgley Moor?
Sir Ralph Percy
How many men did Yorkists have at Hedgeley Moor?
4000
How many men did the Lancastrians have at Hedgely Moor?
500
When was the Battle at Hexham?
15th May 1464
How did Mantague’s men successfully use their surroundings in the Battle at Hexham?
They blocked the Lancastrians only exit as they were surrounded on three sides by river and woodland hillsides
When was the fifteen year truce with Scotland agreed?
At the end of the Battle at Hedgeley Moor
Who won the Battles at Hedgely Moor and Hexham?
Montague’s Yorkist men
What happened to Somerset after the Battles at Hedgely Moor and Hexham?
He was executed along with other peers in accordance with the King’s wishes
When were Roos, Hungerford and three others executed at Newcastle?
17th May 1464
How was Montague rewarded following the two battles?
He was made Earl of Northumberland and given lands of the Percies
How did Warwick win back Alnwick Castle on 23rd June 1464?
He appeared before the castle with an army and agreed to take the castle in an exchange for sparing the lives of the Lancastrians inside
What happened to Bamburg Castle which was the last remaining Lancastrian Castle in the north?
An agreement put in place to hand it over to Warwick in exchange for the Lancastrian lives except for Sir Ralph Grey who was beheaded for changing coats of arms too often.
Who did Edward appoint as Constable of Harlech Castle as well as funding him with £2000 to take the castle?
Lord Herbert
Why were people resenting Edward towards the end of 1464?
Taxes were high and they were still waiting for the promised ‘golden age’
When was Henry found and brought to Edward on a horse?
24th July 1465
Where was Henry held prisoner?
Tower of London
How was Henry treated in the prison?
He was treated fairly by Edward as he was sent wine but was treated with hostility by the visitors one of whom stabbed him in the neck
